Chairman Gallegly and Members of the Subcommittee:
Earlier this year I was here to introduce the State Department's Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2003. The basis for that report is that
governments should be held to internationally accepted human rights standards
and norms. For more than 25 years, the United States has been willing because
we believe in the power of information -- to publish the Country Reports, which
some have called a "name it and shame it strategy." But what many
people around
the world do not realize is that we don t just "name and shame," we
provide
diplomatic support, training and assistance around the world to aid people and
strengthen institutions that promote freedom and human rights. That is the
story that "Supporting Human Rights and Democracy Report" lays out.
In the three months since the release of the most recent Country Reports,
much
has happened. I would like to begin with the abuses at Abu Ghraib Prison. As
an
individual, and as the State Department's Assistant Secretary charged with
advancing human rights abroad, I have been particularly appalled by the abuses
that occurred there. They are unworthy of America. I've been pleased to see
the
Department of Defense pledge to take action against those individuals involved
in such atrocious behavior, and take steps to ensure that similar acts do not
occur again Already, criminal prosecutions are underway, in addition to several
different administrative investigations, and positive changes have been
announced at Abu Ghraib.
I've been asked if Abu Ghraib robs us of our ability to talk about human rights
abroad. It's a reasonable question. How can we talk about human rights if we
fail to uphold the highest standards? On May 17th when Deputy Secretary
Armitage first released this new report, he noted that when President Bush
expressed his deep disgust and regret about events at Abu Ghraib, it wasn't
just his personal reaction as a man of principle. It was also his reaction as
the head of state of a country that holds itself to a higher standard, both
at
home and in our conduct in the world. We will indeed find and expose the truth,
and will hold all who bear responsibility for these shameful episodes fully
accountable. And we will do everything in our power to ensure that such actions
do not occur again. This is all that we ask other countries to do. In doing
so,
we are showing the world that we hold ourselves to the same standards of
accountability for human rights abuses to which we hold them.
To those who wonder if we still possess the will to press for internationally
accepted human rights standards and norms I would point to our actions on
Darfur. We have taken strong and decisive action to end the violence there.
It
is President Bush, Secretary Powell and the United States Government that are
leading actions to end killing, torture and rape in Darfur. Once again, the
United States is taking a leadership role. Secretary Powell s recent visit to
Sudan gave him the opportunity to directly convey a message to the Government
about our concern over the continued human rights abuses taking place in
Darfur. We continue to share our concern with the Government of Sudan at the
highest levels.
As we are all aware, grave violations of international human rights continue
in
Darfur. There are credible reports of torture, widespread and systematic rape
targeting of innocent civilians in villages and IDP camps by the
Government-supported Jinjaweed militia groups. The immediate priority of the
U.S. Government is to take action to immediately stop the violence and allow
refugees to return to their homes safely. DRL, with vital input from several
NGOs, has developed an effort to document human rights atrocities in Darfur.
The Department is scheduled to deploy a State/NGO team by the first week of
July to the Chad border to interview refugees and conduct investigations.
Also, as you are aware, the Department publicly identified 7 Jinjaweed
commanders/leaders responsible for the violence in Darfur. Our investigations
continue and we plan to name others if the atrocities do not end immediately.
I
would also like to mention that members of the Jinjaweed are feeling the
pressure. Two days after the names were made public, Jinjaweed commander Musa
Hilal, gave an interview in the Arabic Press Review trying to distance himself
from the atrocities taking place in Darfur and denying any links to the
Jinjaweed.
This -- coupled with the myriad human rights programs that the U.S. Government
provides all around the world -- is why we continue to create a constructive
legacy that promotes and protects human rights and democracy. In places like
Darfur -- and Burma and Zimbabwe and Belarus and elsewhere -- who would
benefit, and who would pay the price if we self-consciously turned inward and
ignored human rights abuses outside of our country?
Today, I am very pleased to formally present to Congress our report on
"Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The U.S. Record 2003-2004."
This report
provides examples of how we are engaged worldwide with people and institutions
dedicated to advancing freedom, and how we are trying to help others around
the
world who want the same institutions we have: institutions that protect human
rights and punish those who would violate them. The purpose of this report is
to answer the question, "What are we doing about all those abuses in the
Country Reports?"
Unlike the 196 individual Country Reports, this report highlights U.S. efforts
to promote human rights and democracy in (by legislative mandate) those 101
countries and entities with the most serious human rights abuses. We take care
to include places of concern for "extra judicial killings, torture, or
other
serious violations of human rights," as called for in the Foreign Relations
Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 2003. To make this report consistent with the
criteria in the legislation, this year s report also includes a number of
additional countries and a few deletions from last year s edition.
Each report typically begins with a summary of the human rights conditions
in
the country referred to. This snapshot is not a complete picture of everything
we know about the human rights conditions in the country; that is the purpose
of the mother Country Reports. Next, we provide a short narrative about our
human rights strategy, followed by a sampling of the activities we are taking
to defend and extend liberty. This report is an overview of our efforts, not
an
exhaustive account of all U.S. Government efforts. It is a representative
sample of our human rights activities. To get a truly comprehensive picture
it
would be necessary to consider other areas too: for example, this
Administration s commitment to try to reform the World Bank and other
multilateral development banks to make them more effective in improving the
world s poor areas.
We employ a wide range of strategies to promote human rights and democracy.
In
societies that enjoy some measure of openness, we can and do employ a wider
range of strategies to promote human rights and democracy. Many who follow
these issues closely will recognize strategies that are "tried and true,"
that
are part of our standard tool kit. Other strategies described in the report
are
innovative and represent the cutting-edge of democracy and human rights
promotion, and we've highlighted some in this report: a school to enhance the
leadership skills of East African women so that they can run for political
office; the first independent printing press in Kyrgyzstan so that journalists
can advance media freedom; halfway houses for former child soldiers in Colombia
so that they can get off the battlefield and begin normal lives; a training
academy for NGOs and others in Yemen to help enhance their democratic process.
Our ability to develop a mix of programs unique to each country where we are
active is the result of careful study of the human rights situation and ideas
generated by our collaboration with local activists and non-governmental
organizations in these countries. By combining approaches that encompass the
old and new, the tested and experimental, and top-down and bottom-up, we have
the capability to address different situations more effectively.
Even with these many challenges, we are fortunate to be living in a world
where
freedom is advancing, and where we can benefit from acting in combination with
other countries that share our commitment to human rights. This volume
necessarily focuses on the activities of the United States, but there are many
countries around the world that increasingly are involved in the fight against
tyranny and oppression. They are beginning to take on the same roles we seek
to
fulfill: contributing financial and technical support, strengthening the
democracy focus of international institutions, and protesting and refusing to
turn a blind eye to abuses in their regions and beyond. Using vehicles like
the
Community of Democracies, we can begin to depend on a synergy of effort, and
so
can the millions of people who dream of freedom.
In addition to all of the efforts I have already laid out, we also continue
to
engage and remain active at the UN Commission on Human Rights, including this
spring. The U.S. delegation worked diligently to make that body a more
effective instrument for advancing human rights worldwide. Members of your
staffs joined us in Geneva in that effort, and I thank you for letting them
participate. They were extremely helpful to us in demonstrating what I've said
is one of the great assets of my job, that the Executive and Legislative
Branches, Republicans and Democrats, speak with one voice about the importance
of human rights and democracy. We look forward in the coming months to
discussing with you ways in which we can intensify such collaboration at
CHR-61.
In some cases we achieved our objectives at the Commission, evidenced by the
passage of resolutions condemning human rights abuses in Cuba, North Korea,
Burma, and Turkmenistan. In other cases, we met resistance from countries that
would prefer to obscure their records, countries that claim that we have no
right to raise concerns about human rights within their borders. But their
protests did not, and do not, deter our effort to ensure that human rights are
not swept under the rug.
Some ask: "Does it all work?" The answer is obvious: the support
we've given
for the past quarter century all over the world has helped usher in some of
the
most dramatic political changes in history. Twenty-five years ago, there were
around 40 democracies in the world. Today, there are more than 120. In the
1980s in Latin America and in Eastern Europe, the U.S. Government sought to
ensure that democratic reformers were given the oxygen they needed to bring
about changes in countries like Chile, El Salvador, Poland, Taiwan and Hungary.
In the 1990s, the United States supported South Africa's democracy movement,
which helped produce a new era of freedom in a country that some believed would
descend into chaos. And for the last decade, we've worked with opposition
leaders and NGOs in places like Cuba and Burma and Zimbabwe, and also in places
like Georgia, where last year, the time and the energy and the heart of our
effort, and the effort of so many others, culminated in the peaceful Revolution
of Roses.
Many challenges remain, and we in this Administration have not shrunk from
taking them on. We do not have unlimited funds, so we use a framework to focus
our efforts. We determine whether the conditions exist to obtain the changes
we
seek. We use human rights reporting to tailor assistance programs. One example
of this approach is the U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative; another is
the
Millennium Challenge Account, for projects in countries whose governments rule
justly, invest in their people and encourage economic freedom.
Transitions to democratic government and the rule of law happen in numerous
ways, sometimes relatively quickly and sometimes very gradually. Underlying
this diversity of paths is the universal human aspiration for freedom. Our own
experience as a nation and the unfolding of our history may be unique, but our
striving for freedom and equality has been animated by values of human dignity
shared by people around the world. As the Report notes, in places like Central
Asia and the Middle East -- where doors were closed for so long to anyone
wanting to talk about democracy and human rights -- we're continuing to press
on those issues.
In the last portion of the report, the recent recipients of our annual Human
Rights and Democracy Achievement Award are listed, and it is worth mentioning
the two winners. Phil Kaplan serves at our embassy in Ankara, where he not only
reports on key political developments, but also works with private
organizations, the Turkish Government and groups from across civil society,
to
advance the cause of Turkey s commitment to human rights. Until recently, Ted
Burkhalter worked in Uzbekistan, where he analyzed developments in civil
society, but he also saved lives by pushing for protections and justice for
all
detainees, and by supporting those who struggle to bring democracy and human
dignity to that country. I applaud these officers and the other nominees for
their efforts to advance internationally accepted human rights standards and
norms, and note that there are many, many other officers in our embassies and
posts working hard to advance human rights and democracy.
Before I discuss country specifics and take your questions, I want to
acknowledge the important role of this Committee in the creation of this report
and thank you for holding this hearing. As I said earlier, we appreciate the
bipartisan support that human rights and democracy work has enjoyed for many
years.
I also want to thank the officers in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights
and
Labor for their hard work in compiling this report. The report also reflects
the dedicated effort of hundreds of State Department, U.S. Agency for
International Development and other U.S. Government employees, as well as the
employees of numerous non-governmental organizations.
Now, to the specifics of this report: Time does not permit a full description
of the regional sections of the report, but I would like to provide an overview
of some of our activities in the various regions. Those interested in more
detail should review the report, copies of which we have brought with us today,
and which is also available on the State Department web site at www.state.gov.
In Georgia, years of U.S. assistance -- including a parallel vote tabulations
-- was instrumental in proving that the official parliamentary election results
last November had been manipulated and did not reflect the will of the people.
During the subsequent peaceful demonstrations, the Ambassador urged the
Government and opposition to avoid violence. The demonstrations remained
peaceful and eventually led to President Shevardnadze s resignation and new
elections.
In Belarus over the last few years, the National Democratic Institute and
the
International Republican Institute have provided training focused on leadership
and message development, political party strengthening, and coalition building,
while the U.S. Embassy and the Government of Lithuania have supported and
continue to support a series of skill-building workshops and roundtables in
neighboring countries for Belarusian democratic leaders and activists. These
efforts have begun to pay off. Six of the seven largest political parties, more
than 200 NGOs, a number of independent trade unions, regional organizations,
youth groups, and members of the business community and civil society have
united into a democratic coalition called "Five Plus." Five Plus is
the largest
Belarusian democratic coalition, and represents the most promising effort in
recent years to reach the Belarusian electorate with a modern, responsive and
hopeful democratic message.
In the Kyrgyz Republic I am pleased to note that our programs have succeeded
in
expanding freedom of expression and freedom of speech to the Kyrgyz people.
The
independent printing press that Freedom House established with U.S. funding
is
now printing 28 independent newspapers, enabling media outlets to publish
without fear of being denied access to the state-run printing press or having
to engage in self-censorship. The network of 24 Information Centers for
Democracy created by the National Democratic Institute now cover the entire
territory of the Kyrygz Republic, enabling local activists to host "town-hall"
meetings to discuss current political issues. The information libraries are
allowing citizens to have free access to newspapers and to use the Internet,
some for the first time ever.
Morocco has taken courageous steps to improve human rights and democracy,
most
recently through bold changes to the family status code, which significantly
increased the rights of women and children in areas such as marriage, property
rights and inheritance. Competitive elections, vibrant NGOs, and other
legislative reforms are other milestones that make Morocco a leader in the
region. The United States is active in its support, funding programs that train
new parliamentarians, advice on legal reforms and implementation, nurture NGOs
and campaign against child labor. We have true partners in our efforts in both
the Moroccan Government and its people.
In Saudi Arabia, the Ambassador and other senior U.S. officials routinely
highlight the need to improve human rights conditions. For example, I visited
Saudi Arabia in July 2003 and raised concerns about political reform and human
rights, and Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom John
Hanford visited Saudi Arabia in October 2003 and raised concerns about
religious freedom issues with high-level officials. During 2003, we supported
men and women journalists to study in the United States, organized in-country
training workshops for women journalists, hosted roundtable discussions with
journalists, and encouraged editors to expand their coverage of human rights.
Following more than two decades of conflict in Sri Lanka, President Kumaratunga
has expressed an interest in re-initiating talks with the LTTE. The U.S. is
providing $1.5 million to train and empower local civil society groups, media
organizations, political parties, and stakeholders in peace to participate in
national dialogues of peace.
In Afghanistan, the adoption of a constitution on January 4, 2004 and on-going
voter registration represents a victory for the central government and a major
step along the road towards democracy and stability. In FY 2004, almost $400
million will go toward democracy and governance.
With the turnover of power in Iraq on Monday, June 28, we are now witnessing
the birth of a new Iraq. The Iraqi Interim Government, led by Prime Minister
Ayad Allawi, has assumed sovereign authority over Iraq and the Coalition
Provisional Authority has dissolved. Mr. Allawi s government will face enormous
challenges, particularly in restoring stability and security and leading the
nation to elections scheduled for January 2005.
The Iraqis, working closely with the UN, have already begun preparations for
elections, putting in place an independent election commission and planning
the
administrative and security frameworks that will guide the process. The elected
assembly will be responsible for drafting a permanent constitution, which we
expect to be ratified by public referendum in the fall of 2005 and to govern
the election of a new sovereign government by the end of that year.
In addition, a national conference will be convened this summer to select
members of a consultative council. This council will have an important role
to
play in advising the interim government and bringing together a wide range of
Iraqi communities.
Through the CPA, the USG has been very active in providing assistance to
support a successful transition to a peaceful, lawful, democratic, and
sovereign Iraq. We have supported numerous initiatives to bring accountability
for past atrocities and to put in place government and non-government
institutions to safeguard human rights in the future. These initiatives have
addressed mass graves, missing persons, documentation of crimes under the
previous regime, and the establishment of an Iraqi Ministry of Human Rights
and
an independent Human Rights Commission and Ombudsman. We have supported the
establishment of an Iraqi Special Tribunal that, in the months ahead, will
begin to try key perpetrators of the human rights atrocities and war crimes
committed during Saddam Hussein's regime.". We have funded programs that
have
now for months provided technical assistance and consultation to Iraq's
emerging political parties to help them compete effectively in the upcoming
elections. Together with our colleagues at USAID, we have also dedicated
substantial support to nongovernmental groups, enabling them to conduct human
rights advocacy, democracy and human rights education and activities in
conjunction with the elections. We are working to ensure that an independent
and vibrant media operates in Iraq, and we have launched several initiatives,
including a U.S.- Iraq women's network, and are on the verge of funding more,
aimed explicitly at promoting the economic, political, legal and social status
of Iraqi women and girls.
Our role in Iraq has changed with the dissolution of CPA, but our dedication
to
the promotion of human rights, institutions of freedom and respect for the rule
of law will continue through the activities of our Embassy, under the
leadership of Ambassador John Negroponte. The many activities described above
will continue, in partnership with the Iraqi Interim Government. The
advancement of freedom in Iraq is critical to our shared goal of helping Iraq
become a secure, stable, and successful independent state with democratic,
representative government.
In Nepal, the on-going Maoist insurgency has weakened government institutions
and created an environment where rampant human rights abuses occur. In this
atmosphere, the United States has initiated a $6 million program to support
the
rule of law and respect for human rights. We are also working with the National
Human Rights Commission in researching and analyzing draft anti-terror
legislation and ensuring the right to a fair trial.
The historic Kenyan 2002 general election peacefully ended Daniel Arap Moi
s 24
years in power. President Kibaki is making good on pre-election promises to
fight corruption and provide free compulsorily education and more recently his
government has established an independent Human Rights Commission. In 2003 and
early 2004, the United States continued to support efforts to strengthen
government institution and civil society.
Tackling the Lord s Resistant Army s brutal 18-year insurgency in northern
Uganda, the U.S. funded a program to expand access to quality education for
children at risk of exploitation as child soldiers.
As the Government of Zimbabwe continues its concerted campaign of violence,
repression, and intimidation, U.S. programs are assisting victims of torture
and other political violence and funding access to independent media.
The important purpose of this follow-on report to the Country Reports is to
show that U.S. support for human rights is more than a once-a-year exercise
in
identifying abuses. I am reminded of President Bush s words when he said, "The
message to those who long for liberty and those who work for reform is that
they can be certain they have a strong and constant ally in the United States
of America." And likewise, Secretary Powell said in the preface to this
report:
"On every continent, we are making important, long-term investments in
democracy. We are helping to build democratic institutions. We are working
with non-governmental organizations, faith-based groups, opposition
parties, minority communities, women s organizations and labor movements to
develop dynamic civil societies. We are promoting good governance to create
conditions for economic growth and sustainable development. We are helping
to free the flow of information and to ensure free and fair elections. And
through our exchange and other programs, we are acquainting rising
generations with democratic ideas and processes."
Most importantly, extraordinary men and women around the world take great
personal risks to shed light on human rights abuses and press for democratic
change -- courageous people like Oswaldo Payá in Cuba, Morgan Tsvangirai
in
Zimbabwe, and Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma. This report demonstrates our effort
to
stand in solidarity with these brave souls who are working hard to achieve
freedom, not only in democratic societies, but also in repressive ones. They
are setting the course of history and we must help them.
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, again this year we have tried to
provide a report that is true to the language and the spirit of the mandating
legislation that came out of this Committee. We are crafting programs to
promote freedom and liberty, and we are making the connection from reporting
to
policy. Much work remains, and we look forward to working with this Committee
to find more and better ways to promote human rights and democracy. We continue
to welcome ideas and suggestions for next year.
[End]
Released on July 8, 2004
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