Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy
The Cold War
"Instances
of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798 - 1993," by Ellen C. Collier,
Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division,
Washington DC: Congressional Research Service -- Library of Congress -- October
7, 1993
The
Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson Center
The Harvard Project on Cold War Studies
Parallel History Project on NATO and
the Warsaw Pact
Cold War Guide
The Cold War Museum
The National
Archives Learning Curve: Cold War
US military (national
defense) outlays, 1940-95
CNN Special on the Cold
War
Pre-1945
National Counterintelligence
Center, "Venona"
National
Security Archive, Oral History, Professor George Kennan
Havana Meeting
of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, July 21-30,1940
President Roosevelt,
The Four Freedoms, Annual Message of the President to the Congress, January
6 1941 (Excerpt)
Atlantic Charter,
August 14, 1941
Declaration
by the United Nations, January 1, 1942
Rio De Janiero
Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, January
15-28, 1942
Lend-Lease
Agreement, Preliminary Agreement Between the United States and the United Kingdom,
February 23, 1942
Casablanca Conference,
Feb 12, 1943
The Quebec
Conference, August 17-24, 1943
Address by
President Roosevelt Before the Canadian Parliament at Ottawa, August 25, 1943
(Excerpts)
Fulbright Resolution,
House Concurrent Resolution 25-Seventy-eighth Congress, September 21,1943
The Moscow Conference;
October 1943
Connally Resolution,
Senate Resolution 192-Seventy-Eighth Congress, November 5, 1943
United Nations Relief
and Rehabilitation Administration, November 9, 1943
Cairo Conference,
November, 1943
THE TEHRAN CONFERENCE,
NOVEMBER 28-DECEMBER 1, 1943
National
Security Archive, Oral History Interview, Hugh Lunghi
United States Participation
in UNRRA, March 28, 1944
The International
Labor Organization Declaration Concerning Aims and Purposes, May 10, 1944
The Bretton
Woods Agreements, 22 July 1944
James M. Boughton,
"Why White, Not Keynes? Inventing the Postwar International Monetary System,"
IMF Working Paper, WP/02/52, March 2002
Krystyna
Kersten, "Poles' Responses to the Realities of 1944-1947: Questions for
Consideration," INTERMARIUM, Volume 1, Number 1
Convention
on International Civil Aviation, December 7, 1944 (Excerpts)
Excerpt
from J.H. Bamberg on Soviet Interest in Iranian Oil During World War II, The
History of the British Petroleum Company, Volume 2, The Anglo-Iranian
Years, 1928 (Cambriage: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 250-257.
1945
William R. Keylor,
The Twentieth Century World: An International History, 2nd edition (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1992), CHAPTER 8, "The Formation of the Bipolar
World in the Truman-Stalin Era, (1945-1953)," pp. 261-95.
Larry A. Valero,
"The American Joint Intelligence Committee and Estimates of the Soviet
Union, 1945-1947," Studies in Intelligence, US, Central Intelligence
Agency (Summer 2000)
The Yalta Conference
February, 1945
"Notes
on Meeting at Yalta Conference between the Big Three, 4-8 P.M., February 6"
(February 6, 1945)
Letter
from Franklin Roosevelt to Josef Stalin, "Attachment to Notes, Fourth Formal
Meeting of Crimean Conference, 4 P.M., February 7, 1945"
"Memorandum
of Conversation -- Crimean Conference: Meeting of the President [Roosevelt]
with Marshal Stalin" (February 8, 1945)
"Memorandum
of Conversation -- Crimean Conference: Fifth Formal Meeting" (February
8, 1945)
James F.
Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947),
Chapter 2, "Yalta—High Tide of Big Three Unity," pp. 21-45
National
Security Archive, Oral History, Interview with Sir Frank Roberts
Donald P. Steury,
"On the Front Lines of the Cold War: The Intelligence War in Berlin,"
Studies in Intelligence, Bo. 9 (Summer 2000) US, Central Intelligence
Agency
Inter-American
Reciprocal Assistance and Solidarity (Act of Chapultepec); March 6, 1945
US, Public Broadcasting System,
"The American Experience: Truman"
Department
of State, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian and African
Affairs Memorandum from Wallace Murray to Archibald MacLeish. "Letter from
Colonel Harold B. Hoskins" [American Movie Propaganda], March 21, 1945.
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 14: Albert Einstein to President
Roosevelt, March 25, 1945, and subsequent correspondence
Attitude of
American Government Toward Palestine : Letter From President Roosevelt to King
Ibn Saud, April 5, 1945
US, President Truman's
Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress, April 16, 1945
Note
from Henry Stimson to Harry S. Truman requesting a meeting to discuss the Manhattan
Project, April 24, 1945
British
Government Statement: Policy In Burma, May 1945
Notes
of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee, Wednesday, 9 May 1945
Interim
Committee Log, 9 May 1945 through 1 July 1945
Memorandum
for Major General L.R. Groves regarding the Summary of Target Committee Meetings
on May 10th, 11th, 12th, 1945. (5 pages)
Memorandum
from William Leahy to Secretary of State Stettinius regarding British officials'
thoughts on Soviet claims in Poland and Eastern Europe (May 11, 1945)
Memorandum
from William Leahy to Secretary of State Stettinius forwarding a statement from
Stalin on the Provisional Polish Government, May 11, 1945
Notes
of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee, Monday, 14 May 1945
Notes
of an Informal Meeting of the Interim Committee, Friday, 18 May 1945
Notes
of the Interim Committee Meeting, Thursday, 31 May 1945
Notes
of the Interim Committee Meeting, Friday, 1 June 1945
Memorandum
from Averell Harriman to Harry Truman (June 11, 1945)
The
Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb: Minutes of Meeting at White House June 18,
1945 ( Evaluation of current situation regarding the War in the Pacific against
the Japanese)
Pages
from President Truman's diary regarding June 18, 1945 meeting
Notes
of the Interim Committee Meeting, Thursday, 21 June 1945
Decree
of the USSR State Defense Committee No 9168 SS Regarding Geological Prospecting
Work for Oil in Northern Iran, June 21 1945
Charter of the United
Nations; June 26, 1945
Statute of
the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945
Notes
of the Interim Committee Meeting, Friday, 6 July 1945
Decree
of the CC CPSU Politburo to Mir Bagirov CC Secretary of the Communist Party
of Azerbaijan, on “Measures to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern
Azerbaijan and Other Provinces of Northern Iran,” July 06 1945
Secret
Soviet Instructions on Measures to Carry out Special Assignments throughout
Southern Azerbaijan and the Northern Provinces of Iran in an attempt to set
the basis for a separatist movement in Northern Iran, July 14 1945
Truman's
Handwritten Notes on the Potsdam Conference from his Diary, 16 July 1945
Pages
from President Truman's diary, July 17, 1945
Petition
to the President of the United States from Scientists, July 17, 1945
Gen.
L. R. Groves, memorandum for the Secretary of War, July 18, 1945
Notes
of Meeting of the Interim Committee, July 19, 1945
Two
photographs of a meeting of President Truman, Prime Minister Winston Churchill,
and Premier Joseph Stalin at Potsdam, Germany, July 19, 1945, with notes by
President Truman claiming that Stalin did not know about the bomb written on
the reverse
Interim
Committee Log, Memorandum for the Record, 20 July 1945
John
Stone to General Arnold on the Groves Project, July 24, 1945
Cable,
Secretary of War to President Truman, July 30, 1945, with a handwritten response
by the President on the reverse
Henry
L. Stimson prepared statement for the public regarding dropping the Atomic Bomb
forwarded to President Truman, July 31, 1945
The Berlin
(Potsdam) Conference, July 17-August 2, 1945
White House press release, "Statement by the President of the United States,"
ca. August 6, 1945
War
Department press release, "Statement of the Secretary of War," ca. August 6,
1945
War
Department, Washington, D.C., Statement of the Secretary of War, ca. 6 August
1945
Statement
by the President of the United States discussing atomic capability, 6 August
1945
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 11: Leaflets Dropped On Japanese
Cities, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell
Translations
of two leaflets dropped on Japanese cities shortly after the first atomic bomb
was dropped, ca. August 6, 1945
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 12: Senator Richard B. Russell
to the President, August 7, and the President's Response, August 9,
Edited by Robert H. Ferrell
Gar Alperovitz
and Kai Bird, "The Centrality of the Bomb, Foreign Policy, Washington,
Spring 1994, No. 94, p. 3.
Cable,
Senator Richard B. Russell to President Truman, August 7, 1945
President
Truman to Senator Richard B. Russell, August 9, 1945
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 13: Samuel McCrea Cavert to the
President, August 9, and the President's Response, August 11, Edited by Robert
H. Ferrell
Samuel
McCrea Cavert to President Truman, August 9, 1945
Kazutoshi Hando,
The Pacific War Research Society, Japan's Longest Day (Tokyo: Kodansha
International, Ltd., 1968), pp. 11-53.
President
Truman to Samuel McCrea Cavert, August 11, 1945
Leo
Szilard to Matthew J. Connelly, August 17, 1945
Harry S. Truman,
Memoirs (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1955) Chapter
24, on the Potsdam Conference, pp. 372-394
"Korea's
Partition: Soviet-American Pursuit of Reunification, 1945-1948," JAMES
I. MATRAY, Parameters, Spring 1998
"Portentous
Sideshow: The Korean Occupation Decision," DONALD W. BOOSE, JR, Parameters,
Winter 1995, pp. 112-129.
Robert A.
Pollard, Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1950 (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1985), pp. 20-23 (on US demobilization after World War II)
U.S.,
Department of State, Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1945-1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Founding
of the National Intelligence Structure, August 1945 through January 1946, Washington,
DC
Matthew
J. Connelly Memorandum for: James Byrnes representing Atomic scientist concerns
about the political implication of atomic power, Sept 6, 1945
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 15: Secretary Stimson to the President,
September 11, and enclosures, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell
Henry
L. Stimson to President Truman, September 11, 1945
Henry
L. Stimson, memorandum for the President, September 11, 1945
Letter
to President Truman from Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on Soviet views of
the bomb, September 11, 1945
Interim
Committee Log, Memorandum for the Record, 14 Sept. 1945 through 1 October 1945
Letter
to the President from Senator Kenneth McKellar outlining 20 reasons why the
United States should not release to any nation the formula for making an atomic
bomb, September 27, 1945
FIRST MEETING
OF COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, LONDON, SEPTEMBER 11 TO OCTOBER 2, 1945, Report
by Secretary Byrnes, October 5, 1946
Interim
Committee Log, Memorandum for the Record, 3 October 1945 through 16 October
1945
Interim
Committee Log, Memorandum for the Record, 17 October 1945 through 16 November
1945
Proclamation
of United Nations Charter and Statute of the International Court of Justice
by President Truman, OCTOBER 31, 1945
Constitution
of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, November
16, 1945
U.S., International
Organizations Immunities Act, December 9, 1945
Letter
from Loy W. Henderson to Secretary of State Connelly on the creation of the
state of Israel, December 11, 1945
INTERIM MEETING
OF FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE UNION
OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, MOSCOW, DECEMBER 16-26, 1945
U.S., United
Nations Participation Act, December 20, 1945
The Atomic
Energy Act of 1946
Oral
History Interview with JOHN D. HICKERSON, Director
for European Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 1947-49; Assistant Secretary of
State, 1949-53; member Permanent Joint Board on Defense, U.S. and Canada,
1940-46; and alternate representative, U.S. delegation 4th UN General Assembly,
1949. Later Ambassador to Finland, 1955-60, and to the Philippines,
1960-61. Truman Library, Interviews in 1972 and 1973. Covers a
variety of early Cold War history issues.
Oral
History Interviews with CLARK M. CLIFFORD, Assistant to White House Naval Aide,
1945-46; Special Counsel to the President, 1946-50. Truman Library,
Interviews in 1971-73. Early Cold War History
Oral
History Interview with W. AVERELL HARRIMAN,
During the Truman administration served as U.S. Ambassador to Russia, 1943-46,
to Great Britain, Apr.-Oct. 1946; Secretary of Commerce, Oct. 1946-Apr. 1948;
U.S. representative in Europe under the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, with
rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, 1948-50; special assistant
to the President, 1950-51; American representative on North Atlantic Treaty
Organization Committee to study Western defense plans, 1951; and director of
the Mutual Security Agency, 1951-53.
Washington, D.C, Truman Library
1946
Henry
S. Lowenhaupt, "On the Soviet Nuclear Scent," Fall 1967, Studies
in Intelligence, US. Central Intelligence Agency, Fall 2000
Statement
of Recommendations on Release of Atomic Bomb Project Information, February 4,
1946
Speech
delivered by J.V. Stalin at a Meeting of Voters of the Stalin Electoral District,
Moscow, February 9, 1946
Vladislav
Zubok on Stalin's 1946 Speech, PBS
Convention
on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, February 13, 1946
George Kennan, Excerpts from Telegraphic Message from
Moscow of February 22, 1946
Fakiolas,
Efstathios T., "Kennan's Long Telegram and NSC-68: A Comparative Analysis," East
European Quarterly, Vol. 31, no. 4, January 1998
Winston Churchill, "Sinews
of Peace," (the Iron Curtain Speech), Westminster College, 5 March 1946
Joseph
Stalin: Reply to Churchill, 14 March 1946
"Letter
between Mr. Cohen and Mr. Kindleberger identifying six major problems in Europe,
April 5, 1946"
Excerpt
from the last session of the League of Nations Assembly, Geneva, April 8-18,
1946. Taken from The League Hands Over. (League of Nations Publications, 1946)
Vice
Admiral Blandy's Press Conference pertaining to Joint Army-Navy task force number
one Operation Crossroads -- Release No. 46, May 13, 1946.
Bozena
Szaynok, "The Jewish Pogrom in Kielce, July 1946 - New Evidence,"
Intermarium, Volume 1, Number 3
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 16: U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey,
"The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki," June
9, 1946, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell
Pages
27 and 28 of a report by the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, "The Effects
of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki," June 9, 1946
The
Baruch Plan
Franklin
D'Olier to President Truman on the Strategic Bombing Survey, June 20, 1946
United
States Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (Pacific War), July 1, 1946
SECOND MEETING OF THE
COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, PARIS, (a) First Part, April 25 to May 16,1946, Report by
Secretary Byrnes, May 20,1946
Douglas J. Macdonald,
"Communist Bloc Expansion in the Early Cold War: Challenging Realism, Refuting
Revisionism," International Security, Vol. 20, no. 3 (Winter 1995)
Dean Acheson's account
of the crisis over Iran, 1946
Letter
from Clark Clifford to William Leahy requesting intelligence estimates on the
Soviet Union (July 18, 1946)
Constitution
of the World Health Organization, July 22, 1946
Central
Intelligence Group, Office of Research and Evaluation, ORE 1, "Soviet Foreign
and Military Policy" (July 23, 1946)
U.S. Participation
in UNESCO, July 30, 1946
"Preliminary
Report Following the Second Atomic Bomb Test", Report by the Joint Chiefs
of Staff Evaluation Board for the Atomic Bomb Tests, 30 July 1946
Acceptance
of Compulsory Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice, August 2, 1946
Senate Resolution 196-Seventy-ninth Congress
Memo from Acting secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Truman
on the Greek Economic Mission, August 7, 1946
Berlin
No. 1, Letter left behind of Loyd Steere, note Addendum, to John Kenneth Galbraith
and Edward Mason on Berlin, August 13, 1946
Berlin
No. 12, United States Political Adviser for Germany, Charles Kindleberger, August
14, 1946
Memorandum
for the President from Hoyt Vandenberg regarding possible Soviet military action
(August 24, 1946)
Nikolai Novikov,
Soviet Ambassador in Washington, Telegram, September 1946
Immigration
into Palestine - Statement by President Truman, October 4, 1946
PARIS PEACE
CONFERENCE, JULY 29 TO OCTOBER 15, 1946, Report by Secretary Byrnes, October
18, 1946
Correspondence
between Charles Kindleberger and John Kenneth Galbraith regarding a recently
written editorial, October 25, 1946
Letter
between Charles Kindleberger and John Kenneth Galbraith regarding a recently
written manuscript on Germany, October 30, 1946
Post-World War II Speeches
of Winston Churchill in Audio Format
THIRD MEETING
OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, NEW YORK CITY, NOVEMBER 4 TO DECEMBER 12,
1946, Report by the Department of State
Anne
McCormick, "American Responsibility in Germany," New York Times,
18 November 1946
President
Harry S. Truman's letter to Mr. Bohnen's objection to the film because it made
the decision to drop the bomb look like a snap judgment, December 12, 1946
Principles
Governing the General Regulation and Reduction of Armaments, Resolution of the
General Assembly, December 14, 1946
Constitution
of the International Refugee Organization, December 15, 1946
Truman
and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 17: Karl T. Compton article and
the President to Compton, December 16, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell
Letter
From President Truman to Dr. Compton plus an article written by Karl T. Compton
"If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used," 16 December 1946
President
Truman to Karl T. Compton, December 16, 1946
U.S., Central
Intelligence Agency, Memorandum on SMERSH Department of the Soviet Central
Kommandatura, Berlin - Luisenstrasse, 19 December 1946
The
Soviet Bloc and the Initial Stage of the Cold War: Archival Documents on Stalin's
Meetings with Communist Leaders of Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, 1946-1948, by Leonid
Gibianskii
General Findings
and Recommendations Approved by the Atomic Energy Commission and Incorporated
in its First Report to the Security Council, December 31, 1946
1947
Center for the
Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, "CIA's Analysis Of
The Soviet Union, 1947-1991," 2001
US, Central
Intelligence Agency, Conter for the Study of Intelligence, Watching the Bear:
Essays on CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union, edited by Gerald K. Haines
and Robert E. Leggett.
Chapter
I, Origins of CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union by Donald P. Steury
Chapter
II, CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Economy by James Noren
Chapter
III, Analyzing Soviet Politics and Foreign Policy by Douglas F. Garthoff
Chapter
IV, CIA's Analysis of Soviet Science and Technology by Clarence E. Smith
Chapter
V, Estimating Soviet Military Intentions and Capabilities by Raymond L. Garthoff
Chapter
VI, Western Analysis and the Soviet Policymaking Process by Vladimir G. Treml
Central
Intelligence Group, Office of Reports and Estimate, ORE 1/1, "Revised Soviet
Tactics in International Affairs" (January 6, 1947)
Statement
by General Marshall on the situation in China, January 7, 1947
Herbert
Hoover's letter to the President Truman regarding the food shortage in Europe,
January 18, 1947
Herbert Hoover's letter to the President Truman asking for an inclusive
report in regards to spending on Germany for Congress and taxpayers, January
19, 1947
Statement
of The Central Committee of The Chinese Communist Party, February 1, 1947
U.S.,
Department of State, Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1945-1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, The
National Security Act of 1947, Washington, DC
Treaty
of Peace with Bulgaria : February 10, 1947
Treaty
of Peace with Romania : February 10, 1947
Joseph M. Jones, The
Fifteen Weeks (February 11-June 5, 1947) (New York: The Viking Press, 1955) Chapter
1, "In Washington," pp. 3-13 (excerpts)
Implementation
of General Assembly Resolutions on the Principles Governing the General Regulation
and Reduction of Armaments and Information on Armed Forces, Resolution of the
Security Council, February 13, 1947
Joseph M.
Jones, The Fifteen Weeks (February 21-June 5, 1947) Part IV, Chapter
1, "A Week of Decision," (New York: The Viking Press, 1955), pp. 129-147
Summary of telegrams from Greece, Poland, and the USSR, February 25,
1947
Herbert Hoover's press release of The President's Economic Mission to
Germany and Austria, Report no. 1: German Agriculture and Food Requirements,
February 28, 1947
Annex
A : General Outline of the Reconstruction Problem
Draft Notes explaining why the United States should grant financial aid
to Greece and Turkey
Joseph M. Jones Notes on the Economics of Peace, March 1947
Draft
of a White House meeting regarding the Greek situation (no date) discussing
the British Note of 27 February 1947
Background
memorandum on Greece, March 3, 1947
Letter from Paul Economou-Gouras to George C. Marshall, March 3, 1947
Draft of suggestions for the President's message to Congress in regard
to the Greek situation, March 3, 1947
Summary of telegrams from Hungary, Greece, and Germany and relief needs,
March 4, 1947
Draft
of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation, March 4, 1947
Summary of telegrams from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, France, Bulgaria,
and Greece, March 5, 1947
Letter from George M. Elsey to Mr. Clifford, March 7, 1947
Suggested draft of the President's message to Congress on the Greek Situation,
March 7, 1947
The
Drafting of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation
Rough
draft of the President's message to Congress in regard to Greece, March 9, 1947
Speech by President Truman asking Congress to pass the Truman Doctrine (not used)
(no date)
Memo from C. H. Humelsine to Commander George M. Elsey, March 10, 1947
Chronology of the drafting of the President's message of March 12, 1947
The
Drafting of the President' Message to Congress on the Greek Situation, Delivered
before a Joint Session of Congress, March 12, 1947
Dean
Acheson's account of the decision to aid Greece and Turkey in 1947
Speech
Announcing the "Truman Doctrine," 1947
Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation for Assistance
to Greece and Turkey, March 12, 1947
Speech
by President Truman asking Congress to pass the Truman Doctrine (no date)
Summary
of President Truman's address to Congress (no date)
Joseph
M. Jones, The Drafting of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation,
March 12, 1947
Telegram from French Ambassador Caffery to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
March 13, 1947
Telegram from Greek Ambassador MacVeagh to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
March 13, 1947
Telegram from British Ambassador Gallman to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
March 13, 1947
Telegram from Yugoslavian Ambassador Cabot to Secretary of State Dean
Acheson, March 14, 1947
Telegram from Swiss Ambassador Harrison to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
March 14, 1947
Statement by President Truman, March 15, 1947
Telegram from French Ambassador Caffery to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
March 18, 1947
Editorial Reactions to the President's Address Before Congress on the
Greek Situation, Part 1, March 19, 1947, and Part 2, March 22, 1947
Letter from Edward Mason to the Honorable Willard Thorp, Assistant Secretary
Department of State, on the Moscow Meetings, March 20, 1947
State Department press notice regarding the general political situation
in Greece, March 23, 1947
Herbert Hoover, The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria,
Report no. 3: The necessary steps for promotion of German exports, so
as to relieve American tax payers of the burdens of relief and for economic
recovery of Europe.
Harry S. Truman's letter to Herbert Hoover regarding Report no. 3, March
24, 1947
Herbert
Hoover's press release of The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria,
Report no. 3, March 24, 1947
Charles Kindleberger, Delegation of the United States of America, Council
of Foreign Ministers American Embassy Moscow, Letter on Postwar Conditions in
Europe, March 24, 1947
Letter from Edwin W. Pauley to President Truman, March 24, 1947
Letter to the Honorable Willard Thorp, Assistant Secretary Department
of State, from Moscow regarding Allied Control Council Report, March 26, 1947
Letter
to John and Covey, The Basic Topics are coal, reparations, and the Ruhr, and
as the background material the relations of Marshall, Cohen,and Clay, March
29,1947
Letter from Charles Kindleberger on Bizonal Trouble,
Delegation of the United States of America, Council of Foreign Ministers
American Embassy Moscow, April 18, 1947
Memorandum sent by Mr.
John Leighton Stuart, United States Ambassador to China, to Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-shek, Chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China, informing
him of the situation in Taiwan, "Memorandum on the Situation in Taiwan,"
April 18, 1947
Correspondence between President Truman and Eleanor Roosevelt, April/May
1947
Draft Outline Notes for Mr. Acheson's speech before Delta Council, May
8, Drafted April 23, 1947
FOURTH MEETING OF THE
COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, MOSCOW, MARCH 10 TO APRIL 24, 1947, Report by Secretary
Marshall, April 28, 1947
Initial Press and Radio Reaction to Under Secretary Acheson's Speech
at Cleveland Mississippi on May 8, 1947, filed May 15, 1947
A letter from Joseph M. Jones to Mr. Acheson suggesting that foreign
finanical aid should come in the form of grants, May 1, 1947
Memorandum from Mike Mansfield, Member of Congress, on Economic Conditions
in Europe (n.d.)
A
Group of Members of Parliament, "Keep Left", New Statesman (May 1947),
pp. 30-47
"Aid to Greece and Turkey", from The Department of State
Bulletin Supplement, May 4, 1947
The
Greek-Turkish Aid Program (The Truman Doctrine) (no date)
State Department press notice regarding an address by Henry S. Villard,
May 5, 1947
Joseph M. Jones letter to Mr. Lippmann regarding Acheson's speech outlining
economic programs, May 7, 1947
Initial
Press and Radio Reaction to Under Secretary Acheson's Speech at Cleveland Mississippi
on May 8, 1947, filed May 15, 1947
"Administration Now Shifts Its Emphasis on Foreign Aid: Economic
Reconstruction of Western Europe Now Held Best Bar to Soviet Expansion"
by James Reston, New York Times, May 9, 1947
The Department of State Bulletin: "Requirements of Reconstruction"
by Under Secretary Acheson, May 18, 1947
Announcement from President Truman about having just signed the Truman Doctrine,
May 19, 1947; Rough draft of an announcement from President Truman about having just
signed the Truman Doctrine; Another rough draft of an announcement from President Truman
about having just signed the Truman Doctrine; Announcement from President Truman regarding
a ceremony of his signing of the Truman Doctrine (no date)
"Design for Reconstruction" Proposed Address for Secretary
Marshall June, 1947, drafted May 20, 1947
The act to provide for assistance to Greece and Turkey as stated by Congress,
May 22, 1947
Draft of note from the Greek government to the United States Government,
May 22, 1947
Letter to Clark Clifford regarding the Greek Aid Program, May 23, 1947;
Comparison of Treasury and State drafts of agreement on assistance to Greece,
May 22, 1947
Agreement on aid to Greece, May 22, 1947
Memo from Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Truman on the
proposed agreement on aid to Greece, May 23, 1947
Annex A : General Outline of the Reconstruction Problem
Work of the
Military Staff Committee, Speech by Herschel V. Johnson, Deputy United States
Representative, June 4, 1947 (Excerpt)
US, "Developments
in the Azerbaijan Situation," Central Intelligence Group, Office of Reports
and Estimates (ORE 19), secret, June 4, 1947
Memorandum
of the press and radio news conference by Lincoln White, June 18, 1947
Paris
Foreign Ministers' Meeting, PARIS, June 28, 1947
"The
Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapon", the Final Report of the
Joints Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads, 30 June 1947
U.S. Participation
in the International Refugee Organization, July 1, 1947
The X Article,
"The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs, July 1947
George
F. Kennan, "X," "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign
Affairs, July 1947
Walter
Lippman, "The Cold War," Critique of the X Article, July 1947
U.N., Plan
of Work Adopted by the Commission for Conventional Armaments, July 8, 1947
The Marshall Plan
ADDRESS BY GENERAL GEORGE C. MARSHALL
SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, JUNE 5, 1947
Commencement Address,
Harvard University, June 5, 1947, Speaker: George C. Marshall, U.S. Secretary
of State in Real Audio Format
Memorandum
of Conversation, "Summary of First Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton
and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members" (June 24, 1947)
Memorandum
of Conversation, "Substance of Second Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton
and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members (June 25, 1947)
"Aide
Memoire for the Foreign Secretary [Ernest Bevin]" (June 25, 1947)
Memorandum
of Conversation, "Summary of Third Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton
and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members" (June 26, 1947)
Letter
from William Clayton to Robert Lovett regarding his talks with British officials
and their reactions to U.S. views on aid and post-war Europe (June 30, 1947)
Department
of State Policy Planning Staff, Draft of a paper regarding the U.S. and European
reconstruction (c. July 1947)
Memorandum:
Secretary of State's Harvard Speech of June, 1947, filed July 2, 1947
PBS, Newshour,
"Remembering the Man and His Plan," 5 June 1997
The Department of State, Bulletin, "European Initiative
Essential to Economic Recovery," Remarks by the Secretary of State, June
15, 1947
Memorandum of the press and radio news conference by Lincoln White, June 18, 1947
'The Marshall Plan -- Then and Now' By Ambassador Harlan Cleveland
U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
1967
Convention
on Universal Postal Union, Revision of July 5, 1947 (Excerpts)
Joseph M. Jones's Memo to Mr. Russell regarding the need to clarify
relationship between Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, July 7, 1947
The Marshall Proposal of Assistance to Europe, July 10, 1947
Weekly
Summary Excerpt, "Soviet Opposition to the Recovery Program; Effects
of Non-Participation on the Satellites" (July 11, 1947)
Memo from General Marshall to President Truman on the Greek situation,
including a map of the Greek situation, July 16, 1947
Department of State, "Certain Aspects of the European Recovery
Problem From the United States Standpoint," July 23, 1947
Paris:
"World Cereals Position for 1947/48" prepared by I.E.F.C. Secretariat,
July 1947
The George C. Marshall Foundation Web Page
Cold
War International History Project, Working
Paper #9: New Evidence on the Soviet Rejection of the Marshall Plan, 1947: Two Reports, by
Scott D. Parrish and Mikhail M. Narinsky
For European Recovery: The Fiftieth
Anniversary of the Marshall Plan
U.S. Air Force in Europe, 50th
Anniversary of the Berlin Airlift
Department of State, "Summary of the Department's Position of
the Content of A European Recovery Plan," August 26, 1947
Preliminary Work of the Department of State setting forth the problems
of European Recovery, August 29, 1947
Vyshinsky
Speech to U.N. General Assembly, September 1947
Bradford
De Long and Barry Eichengreen, "The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful
Structural Adjustment Program," October 1991
Rio De Janeiro
Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, August 15-September
2, 1947
Second Report
of the Atomic Energy Commission to the Security Council, September 11, 1947
(excerpt)
Department of State Outgoing Telegram to Moscow Embassy, Sept 12, 1947
United States
Position on Regulation of Conventional Armaments, Address by Secretary Marshall,
September 17, 1947
Analysis:
The Politics of 1948, dated September 18, 1947, from James Rowe, Jr. to President
Harry S. Truman
Letter from Dwight P. Griswold to President Truman on the Greek situation,
September 20, 1947; Memo from President Truman to the Under Secretary of State
along with a copy of the letter from Dwight P. Griswold to President Truman
on 9-20-47, October 13, 1947
The Immediate need for Emergency Aid to Europe, September 29, 1947
Founding
of the Cominform: Conference at Wiliza, Declaration of the founding of the Cominform
at the Conference of the Communist Parties of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Poland, the U.S.S.R., France, Czechoslovakia and Italy," September
E.
Reale, "The Founding of Cominform", in Drachkovitch & Lazitch,
The Comintern: Historical Highlights (New York: Frederick A. Praeger,
1966).
Transcript of the speech of Australian Foreign Minister Evatt before
the United Nations on the Greek question, October 6, 1947
Convention
of the World Meteorological Organization, October 11, 1947
State Department press notice regarding the report on Greece, October
15, 1947
United Nations
Flag Resolution of the General Assembly, October 20, 1947
American Studies, et
al., The House on Un-American Activities Committee's Hearings and the People
It Affected
Full transcript of
the testimony by Ayn Rand before the United States House of Representatives'
Committee on Un-American Activities (commonly known as the House Un-American
Activities Committee, or HUAC) on October 20, 1947.
The Testimony
of Walter E. Disney Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 24
October, 1947
United Nations
Day Resolution of the General Assembly, October 24, 1947
Agreement Between
the United Nations and the United States Regarding the Headquarters of the United
Nations, Signed June 26, 1947, and Approved by the General Assembly October
31, 1947
"European Recovery Program" Basic Document No. 1, October 31,
1947
Text of Statement by Paul G. Hoffman, Economic Cooperation Administrator, before
the OEEC, October 31,1949
'European Recovery and American Aid' A report by The President's Committee
on Foreign Aid (Parts One and Two) November 1947
European Recovery and American Aid' A report by The President's Committee
on Foreign Aid (Part Three) November 1947
Establishment
of an Interim Committee of the General Assembly Resolution of the General Assembly,
November 13, 1947
Memo,
dated November 19, 1947, from Clark M. Clifford, Special Counsel to President
Harry S. Truman, to President Harry S. Truman, "The Politics of 1948"
Ray F. Mosely's letter to the President regarding unnecessary spending
in Northern Europe, November 26, 1947
Telegram from Greek Ambassador Keeley to Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
November 29, 1947
President Truman's responds to Ray F. Mosely acknowledging fair condition
in Northern Europe, but reminding him to look at all the European countries,
December 1, 1947
Letter to the President Truman from the Department of Agriculture regarding
low yielding grain crops in the states
Summary Report on Famine Emergency Committee
The United States Grain Export Program
Memorandum From
the Executive Secretary (Souers) to the Members of the National Security Council,
NSC 4, Washington, December 9, 1947.
Letter from Walter Wilds to John R. Steelman, January 22, 1948; letter from W.
Averell Harriman to John R. Steelman, December 2, 1947; letter from W. Averell Harriman to
John R. Steelman, December 24, 1947
FIFTH MEETING OF THE
COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, LONDON, NOVEMBER 25-DECEMBER 16, 1947 Report by Secretary
Marshall, December 19, 1947
M.
Carlyle, ed., "The Founding of the Cominform: Conference at Wiliza", Documents
on International Affairs, 1947-1948 (London: Oxford University Press, 1952),
pp. 122-137
1948
E.
Bevin, "Future Foreign Publicity Policy," PRO (Kew) CAB 129/23,
4 January 1948
Letter
from Patrick J. McDonough to Matthew J. Connelly, February 18, 1948, an Application
for Export License and Priority Assistance for Articles and Materials, January
12, 1948, letter from Thomas A. Pappas to Patrick J. McDonough, January 14,
1948, an Application for Export License and Priority Assistance for Articles
and Materials, January 12, 1948, letter from Lawrence Dugan to Robert C. Turner,
February 17, 1948
Letter
from Walter Wilds to John R. Steelman, January 22, 1948, letter from W. Averell
Harriman to John R. Steelman, December 2, 1947, letter from W. Averell Harriman
to John R. Steelman, December 24, 1947
Memo
from Eben A. Ayers to John Miles, January 27, 1948
Report
of Milovan Djilas about a secret Soviet-Bulgarian-Yugoslav meeting, 10
February 1948, Cold War International History Project
"British
Ambassador to Secretary of State", Foreign Relations of the United States,
vol. 3 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1948),
pp. 3-6
The
Polish Contribution to the Victory of the "Prague Coup" in February
1948, Cold War International History Project
Memo
from E. Wilder Spaulding to Eben A. Ayers, February 13, 1948
Report
of the Special Action of the Polish Socialist Party in Prague, 21-25 February
1948, Cold War International History Project
US,
Department of State, Policy Planning Staff, George Kennan, "Review of
Current Trends: U.S. Foreign Policy," Policy Planning Study 23, February
24, 1948.
M.
Carlyle, ed., "Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and mutual assistance
between the USSR and Rumania", Documents on International Affairs,
1947-1948 (London: Oxford University Press, 1952), pp. 298-9
"PPS/23
Defines U.S. Policies Towards the Philippines (February 1948)," By Jorge
Emmanuel
Convention
of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, March 6, 1948
E.
Bevin, "The Threat to Western Civilisation," Memorandum by the Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs
E.
Bevin, "The Situation in Europe"
Treaty
of Brussels, 17 March 1948
Charter
of International Trade Organization, March 24, 1948 (Excerpts)
"The
Position of the United States with Respect to Soviet-Directed World Communism,"
NSC 7 March 30, 1948
Bogota
Conference of American States, Charter of the Organization of American States;
March 30-May 2, 1948
War Department Classified Message Center, Incoming Classified Message
on Situation in Berlin, April 1948
CIA
weekly summaries on Berlin, 1948-49, CNN Cold War Site
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 22-48 "The Possibility of Direct Soviet
Military Action During 1948," 2 April 1948
U.S.
Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 29-48, "Possible Program of Future
Soviet Moves in Germany," 28 April 1948
Timo Vihavainen,
"After the War: Finland's Relations with the Soviet Union, 1944-1991"
Records
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 'Brief of Emergency Short-Range Emergency War
Plan' (HALFMOON). 6th May 1948. CCS 381 USSR (3-2-46)s.13 JCS 1844/4, Box 73
Final draft of President Truman's third quarterly report on Greek-Turkish
aid, May 12, 1948
Declaration
of Israel's Independence, May 14, 1948
Richard
Holbrooke, "Washington's Battle Over Israel's Birth," Washington
Post, 7 May 2008
Letter from Eliahu Epstein, agent for the provisional government of Israel,
to President Truman, May 14, 1948
Third Report
of the Atomic Energy Commission to the Security Council, May 17, 1948
"Considerations
affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact", Foreign Relations
of the United States, vol. 3 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department
of State, 1948), pp. 153-158
COMMUNIQUÉ
WITH ANNEX ON INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF THE RUHR ISSUED BY THE LONDON SIX-POWER
CONFERENCE, 7 JUNE 1948
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the President on the Soviet Response
to the merger of the British, French, and American zones of Occupation in Germany,
9 June 1948
Vandenberg
Resolution, Senate Resolution 239, Eightieth Congress, 11 June 1948
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 41-48, "Effect of Soviet Restrictions
on the US Position in Berlin," 14 June 1948
Draft
of classified CIA report, dated June 14, 1948, titled "Effect of Soviet
Restrictions on the U.S. Position in Berlin." The document, from the President's
Secretary's Files, concludes that the Soviet walkout from the Allied Control
Council has hurt U.S. intelligence-gathering efforts.
U.S. Participation
in the World Health Organization, June 14, 1948
A factual summary concerning the American Mission for aid to Greece,
June 15, 1948
The Berlin
Airlift, A Pictorial History
Douglas
Botting, From the Ruins of the Reich: Germany 1945-1949 (New York: New
American Library, 1985), "The Berlin Airlift"
Charles
F. Pennacchio, "The East German Communists and the Origins of the Berlin
Blockade Crisis," East European Quarterly, Vol. 29, no. 3 (Fall
1995)
CIA
memorandum, dated June 24, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral,
U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's
Secretary's Files, concerns the potential for creation of an Eastern bloc and
integration of East Germany into that bloc
Telegram,
dated June 25, 1948, by Alfred M. Bingham, et. al. to President Harry S. Truman,
urging Truman to declare that short of war the U.S. will remain in Berlin and
maintain supplies for the German people
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense on the
subject of Berlin, 28 June 1948
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated June 28, 1948 through September 21, 1948.
Letter
from Massachusetts governor Maurice J. Tobin to Matthew J. Connelly, June 29,
1948 (two pages), letter from James Kakridas to Massachusetts governor Maurice
J. Tobin, June 25, 1948 (two pages)
Communiqué,
MEETING OF INFORMATION BUREAU OF THE COMMUNIST PARTIES, 29 June 1948, Royal
Institute of International Affairs, The Soviet-Yugoslav Dispute (London &
New York: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1948), pp. 61-79
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense on the
subject of Berlin, 30 June 1948
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum to the President on the Russian Directive
Indicating that the Soviets Intend to Incorporate Berlin into the Soviet Zone,
30 June 1948
CIA
memorandum, dated June 30, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral,
U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's
Secretary's Files, concerns a Russian directive indicating that the Soviets
intend to incorporate Berlin into the Soviet zone
US, CIA, ORE
58-48, July 1948, The Strategic Value to the USSR of the Conquest of Western
Europe and the Near East (to Cairo) Prior to 1950
Letter
from N. E. Nicolaides to President Truman, July 2, 1948 (page 1 and page 2),
handwritten letter from N. E. Nicolaides to President Truman, July 2, 1948 (pages
3 through 6)
Notes
from the Governments of the United Kingdom and the United States to the Government
of the U.S.S.R., 6 July 1948
CIA
memorandum, dated July 12, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral,
U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo transmits CIA intelligence
summaries from Berlin on various aspects of the situation in the occupied city.
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Information Report on the Russian Unilateral
Dismissal of Police Officials in Berlin, 14 July 1948
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, 7-48, "Review of the World Situation,"
14 July 1948
Translation
of a letter, dated July 14, 1948, by Alexander S. Payushkin (Soviet Ambassador)
to U.S. Secretary of State. The letter, from the President's Secretary's Files,
counters a US charge that the USSR precipitated the Berlin Crisis, arguing that
the US, Great Britain, and France violated four-power agreements by introducing
a special currency into their sector of Berlin and by pursuing a policy of "dismemberment"
of Germany.
Top
Secret Memorandum, not dated, probably for the U.S. Secretary of State, concerning
a possible diplomatic opening for negotiating a resolution of the Berlin Crisis.
Attached is a draft of a U.S. State Department statement that, upon clearance
by the British and French, would be read to Mr. Malik, the Soviet Representative
on the United Nations Security Council. From the President's Secretary's Files
Democratic
National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (original reading
copy used by President Truman), dated July 15, 1948, from President Harry S.
Truman to national audience
Memorandum for the President: summary of the discussion at the 15th meeting
of the National Security Council on Berlin, July 16, 1948
Letters
and memoranda to President Truman on the Berlin Crisis from July 21, 1948 through
October 22, 1948
Summaries
of press-conference comments on the Berlin Airlift by President Harry S. Truman.
The document covers comments at press conferences from July 22, 1948-December
2, 1948
Memorandum for the President: summary of the discussion at the 16th meeting
of the National Security Council on Berlin, July 23, 1948
Executive
Order 9981, Desegregation of the Armed Forces, July 26, 1948
Summaries
of meetings of President Harry S. Truman's Cabinet on the following dates in
1948: July 23, August 6, September 3, and September 10. The summaries touch
on tension in Berlin, negotiations with the USSR and related international developments
Top
Secret report, dated July 28, 1948, titled "U.S. Military Courses of Action
with Respect to the Situation in Berlin," from the U.S. Secretary of Defense
to the National Security Council. From the President's Secretary's Files.
"The
Ambassador to the Soviet Union (Smith) to Secretary of State", Notes on discussions
concerning Berlin, Moscow, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol.
2 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1948), pp. 999-1007,
, August 3, 1948
CIA
memorandum, dated August 6, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral,
U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's
Secretary's Files, theorizes that the USSR agreed to negotiate over Germany
in order to ease international tension and gain strategic advantages over Western
powers. The analysis includes a discussion of possible outcomes of the negotiations
U.N., Formulation
of Proposals for Regulation and Reduction of Armaments and Armed Forces, Resolution
of the Commission for Conventional Armaments, August 12, 1948
U.N., Definition
of Armaments, Resolution of the Commission for Conventional Armaments, August
12, 1948
Telegram,
dated August 18, 1948, by A K Wright to President Harry S. Truman, blaming George
C. Marshall for the state of US/USSR relations and recommending that France,
Britain, the US and the USSR negotiate a solution to the Berlin Crisis. The
telegram, from the Official File, also suggests that the US should maintain
a presence in Berlin until an agreement can be negotiated
Letter
of Transmittal to the U. S. Congress (no date) (page 1), letter from John Miles
to William J. Hopkins, August 26, 1948 (page 2), memo from William J. Hopkins
to John Miles, August 31, 1948 (page 3)
Memorandum,
dated August 30, 1948, from Charles E. Bohlen to the U.S. Secretary of State,
summarizing developments in negotiations on the occupation of Berlin between
the three Western powers and the Soviet Union. The memo includes the text of
a communique and a directive issued by the governments of France, the UK, the
US and the USSR
Top
secret communications, from General Clay to Omar Bradley, concerning the downing
of British passenger airplane, which crashed with a fighter airplane driven
by fight happy Soviet pilot. The communications, from the President's Secretary's
Files, are not dated and discuss circumstances surrounding the crash, the fact
that two American lives were lost, and how to handle the situation politically
and in terms of future passenger flights.
Rear
Platform Remarks of the President at Toledo, Ohio (original reading copy used
by President Truman), dated September 6, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman
to audience at Toledo, Ohio
Letter,
dated September 11, 1948, by Socialist Party presidential candidate Norman Thomas
to President Harry S. Truman, notifying Truman of a pending speech, in which
Thomas says that he will propose that the US government put before the United
Nations General Assembly the actions, in Berlin and elsewhere, by which the
USSR menaces peace in the world.
Letter,
dated September 12, 1948, by Philip Johnston to President Harry S. Truman, charging
that the Berlin Crisis is, "an outgrowth of your own incredible stupidity."
The letter, from the Official File, has an attached Lost Angeles Times article,
dated September 12, 1948, and titled "West Can Pull Out of Berlin Proudly."
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 22-48 (Addendum), "Possibility of Direct
Soviet Military Action During 1948-49," 16 September 1948
Speech
at Dexter, Iowa, dated September 18, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to
audience at Dexter, Iowa, "Speech at Dexter, Iowa," dated September
18, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Dexter, Iowa
U.S.
Department of State press release, dated September 26, 1948, containing the
text of a September 26, 1948 note by the US, France, and United Kingdom to the
Soviet Government. The note accuses the Soviet Government of reneging on negotiated
agreements aimed at resolving the Berlin Crisis and pledges to refer the actions
of the Soviet Government to the United Nations Security Council.
Rough
draft of a top-secret historical analysis of the Berlin Crisis titled, The Berlin
Crisis, Research Project No. 171 by the Foreign Policy Studies Branch, Division
of Historical Policy Research, U.S. Department of State, (no date)
Telegram,
dated September 27, 1948, by U.S. Department of State, to President Harry S.
Truman, aboard the Presidential Special. The telegram, from the Papers of Clark
M. Clifford, contains the text of the US, France, and Germany's reply to a Soviet
note. The reply concludes that a negotiated settlement with the USSR over Berlin
is not possible and pledges to refer the matter to the United Nations Security
Council
Telegram,
dated September 27, 1948, by Richard Minasian to President Harry S. Truman,
asking Truman to clarify the magnitude of the crisis in Berlin.
Copy
No. 1 of CIA report for President Harry S. Truman, dated September 28, 1948,
titled Consequences of a Breakdown in Four-Power Negotiations on Germany. The
document, from the President's Secretary's Files, predicts that if talks break
down the USSR will try to force a US withdrawal from Berlin and extend its dominance
over the occupied city
Letter,
dated September 28, 1948, by U.S. Air Force Colonel R.B. Landry to Presidential
secretary Matthew J. Connelly. In the letter, from the Official File, Landry
writes that he saw nothing on his trip to Berlin worth immediately reporting
to President Harry S. Truman.
"WE
MUST MATCH OUR FAITH WITH OUR WORKS" By Thomas E. Dewey, Governor of New
York and Republican Candidate for President of the United States, Delivered
at Salt Lake City, Utah, September 30, 1948
Official
U.S. State Department report, dated September 1948, titled "The Berlin
Crisis: A Report on the Moscow Discussions, 1948." The document is U.S.
State Department publication 3298, European and British Commonwealth Series
1.
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated October 1, 1948 through October 19, 1948.
Memorandum
for the National Security Council, dated October 6, 1948, regarding possible
Soviet interruption to the Berlin Airlift
Major
Harry R. Borowski, "A Narrow Victory: The Berlin blockade and the American
Military Response," 6 August 2001
President Harry
Truman, in a whistle-stop campaign speech, blasts a know-nothing, do-nothing
Congress, Elizabeth, New Jersey, October 7, 1948
Statement,
dated October 9, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman following General Marshall's
return from Paris. The statement relates in general terms the tenor of Marshall's
report to him on progress in the United Nations concerning the Berlin Crisis
Three
memoranda, dated October 13, 1948, October 21, 1948, and November 4, 1948, and
a letter dated November 10, 1948. The first memorandum mentions that President
Harry S. Truman was notified in writing of a Washington Daily News article critical
of Truman for not sending Chief Justice Fred Vinson to Russia to help resolve
the Berlin Crisis. The second memorandum recaps a number of events related to
the situation in Berlin, including authorization for additional "C-54 type"
aircraft to be used as part of the Berlin Airlift. The third memorandum relates
to a congratulatory telegram from M.L. Dahanukar, Sheriff of Bombay, India,
to President Harry S. Truman on his election victory. The final document, a
letter from Joseph C. Lewis to Truman, suggests that Truman name General Douglas
MacArthur as his on-the-ground representative in Germany to handle the Berlin
Crisis
Speech
in Indianapolis, Indiana, dated October 15, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman
to audience at Indianapolis, Indiana
Letter
from George Xanthaky to President Truman, October 22, 1948
Speech
in Scranton, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman
to audience at Scranton, Pennsylvania
Speech
in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1948, from President Harry S.
Truman to audience at Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Letter
(attached are President Harry S. Truman's notes for a stop at Mr. Dubinsky's
reviewing stand), dated October 23, 1948, from Samuel I. Rosenman to President
Harry S. Truman
Telegram,
dated October 27, 1948, by Congressman Preston E. Peden to President Harry S.
Truman, urging Truman to act in removing the Berlin blockade and sending supplies
into occupied Berlin.
U.S.
State Department report, not dated, titled "The Berlin Crisis: A Report
on the Moscow Discussions, 1948." The document, from the President's Secretary's
Files, covers in chronological order Soviet interference with access to Berlin
and discussions with Moscow on resolving the Berlin crisis.
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated October 28, 1948 through December 6, 1948.
Speech
in St. Louis, Mo., dated October 30, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to
audience at St. Louis, Mo.
Handwritten
notes (with introductory memo) for an election-eve radio speech, dated November
1, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to national audience
Reports of
Atomic Energy Commission, Resolution of the General Assembly, November 4, 1948
Telegram,
dated November 13, 1948, by U.N. General Assembly President Herbert V. Evatt
to President Harry S. Truman. The telegram, from the Official File, notifies
Truman that that Evatt and the United Nations Secretary General are giving the
chairman of the U.S. delegation a communication for Truman. The communication
urges the President to implement a U.N. General Assembly resolution appealing
to France, Britain, the US, and USSR to renew their efforts to resolve the Berlin
Crisis
Telegram,
dated November 14, 1948, by U.S. Department of State, to President Harry S.
Truman, forwarding text of a letter from United Nations officials noting that
the on November 3, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted an appeal
to the USSR, France, Britain, and the US, to renew efforts to settle their differences
and establish a lasting peace. The letter warns that the conflict over Berlin
threatens the peace and security of all nations.
Telegram,
dated November 17, 1948, by J. Frank, et. al to President Harry S. Truman
U.N., Arms
Census, Resolution of the General Assembly, November 19, 1948
U.S., National
Security Council, "U.S. Objectives with Respect to the USSR to Counter
Soviet Threats to U.S. Security," NSC 20/4, November 23, 1948
US,
Department of State, Policy Planning Staff, "Considerations Affecting the
Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact," PPS 43 November 23, 1948
Memo
from George C. McGhee to William J. Hopkins, December 1, 1948
"The Long-Term Program Report to Rober Marjolin, Secretary-General,
Organization for European Economic Co-operation by John H. Williams, November
23, 1948, with attached letter to Mr. Hoffman, December 2, 1948"
Letter,
dated December 4, 1948, by Arthur B. Baer to President Harry S. Truman, suggesting
that the Berlin situation be reconciled under the auspices of the United Nations.
Baer suggests that the U.N. withdraw the US and USSR from Germany and bring
in several smaller nations to govern it. The letter, from the Official File,
has an attached December 17, 1948 thank you note from Presidential Secretary
William D. Hassett to Baer
Memo
from President Truman to Congress regarding the fifth quarterly report, December
6, 1948
Fifth Report to Congress on Assistance to Greece and Turkey, December
10, 1948
U.N., General Assembly,
Resolution 260, CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF
GENOCIDE, 9 December 1948
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the President on the Situation in
Berlin, 10 December 1948
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated December 13, 1948
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated December 17, 1948 through March 9, 1949.
Memo on Turkey from the Central Intelligence Agency to President Truman,
December 22, 1948
U.S.,
Intelligence Report on Soviet Measures to Further Tighten the Sector Blockade in
Berlin, 30 December 1948
1949
U.S.
Department of State Office of Public Affairs background memorandum briefing press
officers on the historical background of the Berlin Crisis. The document, dated
January 7, 1949, is not for public release but rather for use by press officers
in answering questions concerning the Berlin situation.
Cover letter and message from Dr. Chaim Weisman, President of the State
Council of the Provisional Government of Israel, to President Truman, January
11, 1949
Bryan
Houston, Director of Information, Economic Cooperation Administration, P.D.
Fahnestock, Consultant "Review of Operations of Information Service",
January 14, 1949
Harry
Truman's Inaugural Address, 20 January 1949
Reading
copy of Dean Acheson's speech on the proposed North Atlantic Treaty. March 18,
1949
"Ambassador
of Soviet Union to Sectretary of State" protesting the formation of NATO,
Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 4 (Washington, Government
Printing Office, Department of State, 1949), pp. 261-265
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated March 22, 1949.
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated March 28, 1949
THE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY, 4 APRIL 1949
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated April 5, 1949 and June 7, 1949
Press
Release on NATO, dated April 12, 1949, by President Harry S. Truman to The Press
"Inter-Allied
Naval Relations and the Birth of NATO," Colloquium on Contemporary History,
June 14, 1993, No. 8, Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy
Washington, D.C.
U.S.
State Department transcript, dated April 13, 1949, of a press and radio news
conference at which Secretary of State Dean Acheson attempts to clarify the
nature of an agreement among foreign ministers regarding fusion of the three
zones in Germany and how that agreement fits in with formation of a German government
U.S.,
Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 46-49 "The Possibility of Direct Soviet
Military Action During 1949," 3 May 1949
Statement,
dated May 3, 1949, by President Harry S. Truman upon acceding to General Lucius
Clay's request to be discharged from service in the U.S. Military Government
in Germany, following the agreement to lift the Berlin blockade. Truman thanks
Clay and praises his character and abilities
Airbridge
to Berlin --- The Berlin Crisis of 1948, its Origins and Aftermath,
By D.M. Giangreco and Robert E. Griffin, 1988
Translation
of a document, dated May 14, 1949, by Argentine Foreign Affairs Minister Juan
Atilio Bramuglia to President Harry S. Truman, thanking Truman for crediting
Bramuglia for his actions at the United Nations Security Council and congratuling
Truman for resolution of the Berlin Crisis. The document, from the Official
File, includes the original, untranslated version of the letter
SIXTH MEETING OF THE
COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, PARIS, MAY 23 TO JUNE 20, 1949
Benjamin
O. Fordham, "Economic Interests, Party, and Ideology in Early Cold War
Era U.S. Foreign Policy," International Organization, Vol. 52,
no. 2 (Spring 1998)
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated June 22, 1949.
Seventh Report to Congress on Assistance to Greece and Turkey, June 29,
1949
Memorandum
on signing the NATO Treaty, dated July 22, 1949, by Secretary of State Dean
Acheson to President Harry S. Truman
Memorandum
on Ratification of NATO, dated July 25, 1949, by Charles I. Bevans, Deputy Assistant
for Treaty Affairs, U.S. Department of State
Dean Acheson:
United States Position on China, August 1949
U.S. Dept.
of State, Policy Planning Staff PPS/58, "Political implications of Detonation
of Atomic Bomb by the U.S.S.R.," August 16, 1949
Memorandum
on the ceremony for signing the NATO Treaty, dated August 23, 1949, by C.H.
Humelsine to Matthew J. Connelly
Memorandum
by the Chief of Staff, U. S. Air Force to the Secretary of Defense on Long-Range
Detection of Atomic Explosions, 21 September 1949
Extract
from the indictment of Mr. Laszlo Rajk, former Hungarian Minister for Foreign
Affairs, September 1949, in M. Carlyle, ed., "Satellite Party Politics",
Documents on International Affairs, 1949-1950 (London: Oxford University
Press, 1952), pp. 390-396
"Greece and the United Nations, 1946-49", from the Department
of State Bulletin, September 19, 1949
Waging
Peace in the Americas : Address by Secretary Acheson; September 19, 1949
Memorandum
by the Chief of Staff, U. S. Air Force to the Secretary of Defense on Long-Range
Detection of Atomic Explosions, 21 September 1949
Part
I, Collection and Identification of Fission Products of Foreign Origin, prepared
by Peter King and N. Friedman, ca. September 1949
Atomic
Explosion in the U. S. S. R., Statement by President Truman, September 23, 1949
"Letter from Paul Hoffman to Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, September
26, 1949"
The Common
Program of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, 1949, Adopted
by the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's PCC on September 29th,
1949 in Peking
US, CIA, Intelligence
Memorandum No. 237, October 1949, Capabilities of the USSR in Air-to-Air Guided
Missiles and Related Proximity Fuses
U.S. Amendment
of United Nations Participation Act, October 10, 1949
U.S.
Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin
Crisis, dated October 20, 1949
International
Control of Atomic Energy, Statement by the Representatives of Canada, China,
France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, October 25, 1949
USAEC
General Advisory Committee Minutes, October 28-30, 1949
USAEC
General Advisory Committee Report on the "Super," October 30, 1949
Text
of Statement by Paul G. Hoffman, Economic Cooperation Administrator, on European
recovery., October 31,1949
Soviet Misinterpretaton
of U. S. Position on the Baruch Plan, Statement by John D. Hickerson, Assistant
Secretary for United Nations Affairs, November 11, 1949
Continuing
Effort to Reach Agreement on Atomic Energy Control, Resolution of the General
Assembly, November 23, 1949
Lewis
Strauss to Harry S. Truman supporting the development of the thermonuclear bomb,
November 25, 1949 (Excerpt)
Economic Cooperation Administration Office of the Special Representatives
in Europe, Paris, France "Review of European Press Reaction to Mr. Hoffman's
Paris Visit and OEEC Negotiations, 25 October thru November 1949" Prepared
by the Press Intelligence Unit Editorial Reasearch and Analysis Section Information
Division, December 1, 1949
Mao's
Moscow Visit, December 1949-February 1950
1950
Oral
History, U.S. Senate, Oral History Program, Pat M. Holt, Chief of Staff, Foreign
Relations Committee, "Tom Connally and the Foreign Relations Committee,"
(Thursday, September 18, 1980) Interviewed by Donald A. Ritchie
Memorandum
on negotiations concerning NATO, dated January 14, 1950, by Clark M. Clifford,
to President Harry S. Truman
The Alger Hiss Story
Klaus
Fuchs
Statement
by President Harry S. Truman on the Hydrogen Bomb, January 31, 1950
"Soviet Intentions and Capabilities", 20 February 1950
US, National
Security Council, NSCID 9, "Communications Intelligence," March 10,
1950.
President Truman's letter to James S. Lay, Executive Secretary of the
National Security Council, April 12, 1950
NSC-68, 1950
Fakiolas, Efstathios
T., "Kennan's Long Telegram and NSC-68: A Comparative Analysis," East
European Quarterly, Vol. 31, no. 4, January 1998
"Soviet
Intentions and Capabilities", 20 February 1950
Paul Y. Hammond,
"NSC-68: PROLOGUE TO REARMAMENT," 1962
United
States Embassy, Iraq Cable from Edward S. Crocker II to the Department of State.
"Recent Developments in Connection with the Kurdish-Language News Bulletin,"
April 10, 1950.
Department
of State Airgram from Dean Acheson. [Anti-Americanism in the Arab World], May
1, 1950.
United
States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State.
"Motion Pictures--The Film Two Cities," May 16, 1950.
United
States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State.
"Priority Aims and Objectives of the USIE Program in Iran Calls for Enhancing
U.S. Prestige and Demonstrating Communist Fallacies," June 5, 1950.
"Letter to Paul Hoffman on the Marshall Plan from Oliver Franks
at the British Embassy in Washington, June 21, 1950"
United
States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. "Proposed
New Program for USIE, Iran," July 6, 1950.
Letter
on implementing the NATO Pact, dated July 14, 1950, by Secretary of Defense,
Louis Johnson, to President Harry S. Truman
United
States Embassy, Soviet Union Cable from Alan G. Kirk to the Department of State.
[Voice of America and Radio Tehran], August 19, 1950.
Memorandum
on status of NATO, dated August 30, 1950, by Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson,
to President Harry S. Truman
Statement
on the stationing of American troops in Europe, dated September 9, 1950, by
President Harry S. Truman to The Press
United
States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [Voice
of America Transmitters in Bahrain and Iran], September 19, 1950.
Resignation of Paul Hoffman as Chief of the Marshall Plan administration,
September 25, 1950
United
States Embassy, Egypt Despatch from A.F. Lager to the Department of State. "Transmitting
Copy of Notes re 'Certain Aspects of the Political Situation at Kuwait--The
Company's Local Relations and Other Non-technical Matters Connected with These
Operations'" [Internal Memorandum Found at Trans World Airlines Plane Crash
Site], September 25, 1950.
"The
Discrepancy between the Russian and Chinese Versions of Mao's 2 October 1950
Message to Stalin on Chinese Entry into the Korean War: A Chinese Scholar's
Reply," by Shen Zhihua, Cold War International History Project
Michael
M. Sheng. "Mao, Tibet, and the Korean War". Journal of Cold War
Studies 83 (Summer 2006): 15-32
United
States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady