WALTON/ROCKOFF, Chapter 13 (pp. 279?95):

1. Describe the process of emancipation of slaves in the North in the early 19th century.

2. Describe the expansion of slavery in the South from 1790 to 1860.

3. Summarize the debate over the efficiency of slavery.

4. Summarize the debate over the profitability of slavery.

5. Summarize the estimates of the exploitation of slaves.

6. Compare the per capita incomes and rates of growth in the South and other regions.

FOGEL AND ENGERMANN

1. Summarize Fogel and Engermann's data on the frequency of whippings on slave plantations.

2. Summarize Fogel and Engermann's arguments about the relative significance of negative and
positive incentives on slave plantations.

GUTMAN, "An Overview of T/C" (Time on the Cross)

1. What is the central theme of T/C?

2. What is the model of slave socialization implicit in T/C?
What are Gutman's criticisms of this model?

3. What are the major errors of T/C (according to Gutman) with respect to:
a. negative labor incentives?
b. positive labor incentives?

Please see reverse side
ATACK AND PASSELL

1. Summarize Fogel and Engermann's findings concerning the relative productivity of slave farms
and free farms in the South.

2. Summarize the following criticisms of Fogel and Engermann's conclusions and Fogel and
Engermann's responses to these criticisms:
a. North unable to grow cotton.
b. 1860 crop prices favorable to South.
c. labor input underestimated in the South.
d. land input underestimated in the South.

3. Explain how "economies of scale" increased the productivity of slave plantations, according to
Fogel and Engermann.

4. What is the "bottom line" of this debate, according to Atack and Passell?

5. Summarize the following estimates of the profitability of slavery: Sydnor, Stampp, and
Fogel and Engermann's.

6. Summarize the debate (pro and con) over Conrad and Meyer's estimates.

7. Summarize Ramsdell's arguments that slavery was declining on the eve of the Civil War.
Summarize the criticisms of Ramsdell's argument.

8. Summarize Yasuba's analysis of the "viability" of slavery.

9. How is the "exploitation" of slave labor defined?
Summarize Fogel and Engermann's estimates of the exploitation of slaves.
How is this low rate of exploitation explained.

10. Summarize Fogel and Engermann's data and arguments concerning the frequency of
whippings on slave plantations.
Summarize Gutman and Sutch's criticisms of Fogel and Engermann's data on whippings.

11. How do Atack and Passell summarize the "status of research on American slavery"?