Required Reading

Texts may be purchased at the Odyssey Bookshop. They are also on reserve. Karin Barber, ed., Readings in

African Popular Culture (abbreviated as RIAPC below)

Johannes Fabian and Tshibumba Kanda Matalu, Remembering the Present: Painting and Popular History in Zaire

Phyllis M. Martin and Patrick O'Meara, eds., Africa.

A course pack (abbreviated CP) is available in the History Department
office, Skinner 309.

CDs containing recommended listening will be on reserve.

Syllabus

 January 31: Introduction
Guest Presentation, Professor Roland Abiodun -- Nigerian Culture in Transition
Dance Class: Soukous

 February 7: Useful and not useful concepts for studying Africa

Map Quiz: names and locations of nations and capital cities
Video: "A great tree has fallen," Robert Lang, producer, and " The dancing church" by Thomas A. Kane.
Reading:
RIAPC, Karin Barber, "Introduction," 1-11,
RIAPC, Johannes Fabian, "Popular Culture in Africa: Findings and Conjectures," 18-28.
Africa, Phyllis M. Martin and Patrick O'Meara, "Africa: Problems and Perspectives," 3-9.
Africa, Dele Jegede, "Popular Culture in Urban Africa,", 273-294.
Africa, Michael L. McNulty, "The Contemporary Map of Africa," 10-36.
CP, African Policy Information Center, "Talking about 'tribe'." 1-8.
CP, Map of African nations and capital cities, to prepare for the map quiz.
Reading Response Questions: What evidence do these authors provide to
disprove a traditional/modern dichotomy? What commonalities does Fabian
perceive in Shaba song, religious doctrine, and painting?

 February 14: The historical context - economic and social transformation
in African societies since 1880

Video: "This magnificent African cake," Basil Davidson, producer.
Lecture: "Beni, SAPEUR, and Soukous: Cultural Explorations of Colonial Power"
Reading:
Africa, Sara Berry, "Economic Change in Contemporary Africa," 359-374.
CP, Emmanuel Akyeampong, "What's in a Drink? Class Struggle, Popular Culture, and the Politics of Akpeteshie (Local Gin) in Ghana,
1930-1967,"Journal of African History 37 (1996) 215-236.
Africa, John C. McCall, "Social Organization in Africa," 175-189.
Africa, Claire Robertson, "Social Change in Contemporary Africa,", 313-316 only.
CP, Cyprian Ekwensi, Lokotown and other stories, (1966) 45-51, 87-106.
RRQ: Make a comprehensive timeline of the changes in African economies and societies discussed by Berry. Then chart the significant transitions in Akyeampong's description of akpeteshie in Ghana on your timeline. Finally,
add the processes of change described by McCall and Robertson, if they are not already there. Do this carefully - you will refer to it all
semester. What images is Ekwensi using to convey the experience of Nigerian society shortly after the end of colonial rule?
Recommended Listening #1

 February 16: Please attend the Drummers of West Africa Concert, Fine Arts
Center Concert Hall, University of Massachusetts, 7:30 pm. (Student tickets $9, $7, or $5).
 February 21: Vocabularies for African Music and Art
Lecture and Demonstration, Jennifer Kyker: Mbira Music of
Zimbabwe
Video: "In and Out of Africa"
Reading:
RIAPC: Leroy Vail , Landeg White, "Plantation Protest: The History of a Mozambican Song," 54-63.
Africa, Ruth M. Stone, "African Music Performed," 257-272.
RIAPC, C.A. Waterman, "Our Tradition is a Very Modern Tradition...", 48-53.
RIAPC, Bogumil Jewsiewicki, "Painting in Zaire," 99-110. website: http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/chapters/KML.html - explore
this, also the snapshots and current Malian art pages of the site.
Africa, Patrick R. McNaughton and Diane Pelrine, "African Art," 223-256. (skim)
RRQ: Why do people in Mozambique still perform a song about Paiva? What
continuities stand out for you in the descriptions of African music in
these readings? According to Jewsiewicki, what are Zairois painters and
purchasers of paintings saying about themselves and society? Recommended Listening #2

 February 28: Congo/Zaire in the Art of Tshibumba Kanda Matalu
Film: "La Vie est Belle" (Life is Rosy), Lamy Films.
Reading:
Johannes Fabian and Tshibumba Kanda Matalu, Remembering the
Present: Painting and Popular History in Zaire, 17-184. Use the map on p. xii.
optional: Bogumil Jewsiewicki with contributions from Dibwe dia Mwembu et al, A Congo Chronicle: Patrice Lumumba in Urban Art, on reserve.
Use Library Reference works (encyclopedia or almanac) on Congo/Zaire if you feel you need them.
Paper: Write a 3-5 page paper on an aspect of the message in Tshibumba
Kanda Matalu's art. Your paper should focus on a limited number of specific paintings, and clearly identify the paintings you discuss. This
paper is due at 7:00 pm and late papers will not be accepted.

Please attend Africa/Caribbean Day on March 4, including the dance party.

 March 6: Gender Tension as an Expression of Social Stress
Guest Lecture: Professor Katwiwe Mule, "Women in East
African Drama".

Reading:
RAIPC, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, "Women in Cultural Work: The Fate of Kamiriithu
People's Theatre in Kenya," 131-138.
CP, Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Ngugi wa Mirii, I Will Marry When I Want, 3-116.
Africa, Claire Robertson, "Social Change in Contemporary Africa," 316-329.
CP, Nimrod Asante-Darko and Sjaak van der Geest, "Male Chauvinism: Men and
Women in Ghanaian Highlife Songs," in Christine Oppong, ed., Female and
Male in West Africa, 243-255. recommended, not required:
RAIPC, Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi, "Images of Women in Nigerian
Television," 125-131. (skim) RAIPC, Jane Bryce, "Women and Modern African Popular Fiction," 118-125.
RRQ: How are the lives and actions of women in these songs, stories, and plays being used to explain or portray problems in the author's
society? What is the explanation of what is wrong with Kenya suggested by Ngugi wa Thiong'o and his collaborators in I Will Marry When I Want?
Recommended Listening #3.

 March 20: State Power and the Realm of People's Action
Lecture: The Use of the Arts to Legitimize Post-colonial
States
Film, "Xala," by Ousmane Sembene
Reading:
CP, Larry Diamond, "Class Formation in the Swollen African State," Journal
of Modern African Studies 25 (1987), 567-596.
CP, Sarkin Taushin Sarkin Katsina, "Nigeria Protects the Truth," in
Fremont E. Besmer, "An Hausa Song From Katsina," Ethnomusicology 14:3 (1970), 437-437.
CP, Achille Mbembe, "Power and Obscenity in the Post-Colonial Period: The
Case of Cameroon," in James Manor, ed., Rethinking Third World Politics, 166-182.

recommended, not required:
RAIPC, Mamadou Diawara, "Mande Oral Popular Culture Revisted by the
Electronic Media," 40-48.
RRQ: According to Diamond, how did the structure of colonial states affect
independent African states? Why does Mbembe describe power in Cameroon as
obscene? (nb- the answer is not obvious).

How does Sarkin Taushin Sarkin Tatsina's song show an artist upholding state power?

 March 27: Music and Moral Compass
Songs and Lyrics
(bring CDs with lyrics on powerpoint or overheads to share in class)
Reading
CP, Richard Sandbrook, "The State and Economic Stagnation in Tropical
Africa," World Development 14:3 (1986), 319-332.
RAIPC, Werner Graebner, "Whose Music? The Songs of Remmy Ongala and the
Orchestra Super Matimila," 110-117.
Find African musicians' lyrics on the
Web: http://www.unf.edu/~joht0001/links.html .
recommended for CST majors, advanced African studies students, and masochists:
RAIPC, Achille Mbembe, "The 'Thing' and its Doubles in Cameroonian
Cartoons," 151-163. (nb. this is a complex essay. Read it once, think
about it, then read it again, very deliberately.)
RRQ: According to Sandbrook, what are the economic affects of one-person
rule? What is the message in Ongala's music?
Recommended Listening #4

3-5 page paper exploring the social criticism in the lyrics of African
musicians is due outside my office, 314 Skinner, at 5:00 pm on Friday,
March 31. You may write about one musician, or explore a theme in the
songs of several musicians. Be sure to provide an appendix with lyrics of
all the songs that you discuss, connect the musicians to the particular
society or societies in which they live, and provide proper citations for
all your sources of information.

 April 3: Nigerians Respond to Oil Wealth
Lecture: Selfishness as Evil in African Systems of Thought
Video: Life with Bisi, Ken Saro-Wiwa
Reading:
CP, Michael Watts, "The Shock of Modernity: Petroleum, Protest, and Fast
Capitalism in an Industrializing Society," in Allan Pred and Michael John
Watts, Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent,
21-58. (pay attention to oil wealth and Nigerians, skim or skip the theory)
RAIPC, Karin Barber, "Popular Reactions to the Petro-Naira," 91-98.
CP, Misty L. Bastian, "'Bloodhounds Who Have No Friends': Witchcraft and
Locality in the Nigerian Popular Press," in Jean Comaroff and John
Comaroff, eds., Modernity and Its Malcontents:Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa, 129-166.
CP, Ken Saro-Wiwa, A Forest of Flowers: Short Stories, 1-25, 54-63, 88-119. Use the glossary, p. 154.
RRQ: Before doing this reading, locate Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo and the Rivers areas of Nigeria on a map.

How did Nigerians perceive the fabulous wealth generated by high petroleum prices?

What are the moral dimensions of the irresponse in the various regions of the nation?

 April 10: Structural Adjustment, Extremes of Wealth and Poverty, and the Social Fabric

Film: "Hyenas," Djibril Diop Mambety.(class discussion following film)
Reading:
RIAPC, Ropo Sokoni, "Politics and Urban Folklore in Nigeria," 142-146.
RIAPC, Olatunde Bayo Lawuyi, "The World of the Yoruba Taxi Driver: An
Interpretative Approach to Vehicle Slogans," 146-151.
Africa, Richard Stryker and Stephen N. Ndegwa, "The African Development Crisis," 375-394.
CP, "Africa Policy Information Center, "Changing Africa: A Human Development Overview," 1-16.
CP, Jean-Francois Bayart, The State in Africa, 87-103.
web site: http://www.jubilee2000uk.org/main.html
RRQ: According to these authors, what things have to change for poor
Africans to have the possibility of greater well-being? (nb - they do not
all agree).

April 17: Popular Culture Responses to AIDS in Africa
Lecture: AIDS in Africa
Video Clips: "Neria" and "Everyone's Child", Tsitsi Dangarembga, director.
Reading:
Africa, Takyiwaa Manuh, "Law and Society in Contemporary Africa," 330-343.
CP, Brooke Grundfest Schoepf, "Health, Gender Relations, and Poverty in
the AIDS Era," in Kathleen Sheldon, ed., Courtyards, Markets, City
Streets: Urban Women in Africa, 153-168.
CP, Caroline Bledsoe, "The Politics of AIDS, Condoms, and Heterosexual
Relations in Africa: Recent Evidence from the Local Print Media," in
W. Penn Handwerker, ed., Births and Power: Social Change and
the Politics of Reproduction, 197-223.
web sites: TBA
RRQ: How is the spread of AIDS in Africa related to women's status
relative to men's? How is it related to the place of African nations in
the world economy? How do you think high death rates from AIDS are
affecting the legal constraints for women that Manuh describes?

 April 24: Popular Culture in Liberation Struggles in Southern Africa
Video: "Nightsong," Veit Erlmann, producer.
Reading:
RIAPC, Alec J. C. Pongweni, "The Chimurenga Songs of the Zimbabwean War of Liberation, 63-72.
Africa, "C.R.D. Halisi and Patrick O'Meara, "South Africa," 395-412.

Recommended, not required:
RIAPC, Andrew Horn, "South African Theatre: Ideology and Rebellion," 73-81.
Recommended Listening #5

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