The Great War: Character and Consequences

• War Fronts: Western, Southern, and Eastern in Europe. (Map) Also in Africa and Asia.
• Total War & the Home Front (images from History 260 on propaganda, war bonds, etc.)
• Mass, mechanized death (War Casualties)
• National pride and disillusionment
  • Rupert Brooke, "The Soldier" (1914)
  • Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est" (1916)

The Great War: Consequences

• The Fall of Four Empires [German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Ottoman]
• The Weakening of the France and Great Britain & more vocal movements for colonial independence in India, in parts of French and British African colonial territories, in French Indo China
• Class leveling
• "Lost Generation" of young men and women (Vera Brittain; Erich Maria Remarque) (War Casualties)
• Disillusionment with Government: Loyalties in doubt
• Pacificism vs. the re-awakening of the marital spirit and the German quest for revenge
  • Pacificism in Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929) [Film: 1930] Clip: "Pro Patria Mori" Clip: "Attack and Counter Attack"
  • Pacificism in Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth (1933)
  • Revival of matial spirit in Ernst Jünger's Strom of Steel (1921); Adolp Hitler's appeal to war veterans in the early days of his movement, and his ceaseless denunciation of the Versailles Treaty.

The Russian Revolution (1917-21 and beyond)

Peacemaking 1919

• Context of Peacemaking
• The Peace of Versailles
  • Costs (human and material) of the war & the difficulties of making peace
  • New nation states
  • Punishment of Germany