Industrialization

Speilvogel makes a major claim about the Industrial Revolution in his Introduction to Chapter 20

The Industrial Revolution caused a quantum leap in industrial production. New sources of energy and power, especially coal and steam, replaced wind and water to build and run machines that dramatically decreased the use of human and animal labor and at the same time increased productivity. This is turn called for new ways of organizing human labor to maximize the benefits and profits from the new machines; factories replaced workshops and home workrooms.

Industrialization across Europe, 1840-1914: Quantitative Evidence

Industrialization across Europe, 1800-1900: Quantitative Evidence

Evidence on the Standard of Living for Working People in Britain, 1770-1870

Slides and Commentary on Industrialization and the Growth of the Railway in England (R. Schwartz lecture)

Urbanization of Europe: Quantitative Evidence

The Example of the Spread of Railways: Quantitative Evidence

Railway Construction and Railway Densities in European Countries, 1890-1913

Industrialization and the Railroad in Victorian England (R. Schwartz sites)

Industrialization in England: Images (R. Schwartz site)

Industrialization in England: Historical Thinking, Historical Interpretation, Historical Communication. (Orientation to Quiz II)

The Aristocratic Ideal:Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, 1745-46, by Thomas Gainsborough

Portrait of John Musters, c. 1780, by Joshua Reynolds.

Portrait of Colonel George K. H. Coussmaker, Grenadier Guards
1782, by Joshua Reynolds

The Entrepreneurial Ideal: Pictures of Richard Arkwright, George and Robert Stephenson, and Isambard Kingdom Brunel