Marx and Hugo: Socialism, Romanticism, and Revolution
in Europe of the 19th Century

Hugo and Marx on the Proletariat by Lara Ceppi

The Revolutions of 1848: Addressing Two Claims with Evidence, Warrant, and Qualification.

• Claim 1: The Role of Liberal Constitutionalism in the Revolutions of 1848

• Carl Shurz: A German Student Recollection of the Revolutionary Movement in the German States




• Claim 2: The Importance of the Industrial Revolution in the Revolutions of 1848

• Statistics on Industrial Production in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, and Russia