The emergence of an ordered society
At this time period we see an emergence of elite fear due to past revolutions that have occurred (ie 1848)
There is an increasing amount of inequality due to rapid urbanization in France, Great Britain, and Germany
New Police Force
The purpose of creating a police forces was to provide security, reassure domestic order, and to investigate crimes. Idea behind this was that the presence of the police force would cut down on crime.
-Louise Maurice Debelleyme is known for taking a new approach to policing in France during 1828
Serjents- the police force in Paris founded in March 1829. Based on civillan population as opposed to military
Bobbies-London police force named after Sir Robert Peel. Were based on local authorities and were an unpaid police force
September 1829-May 1830. There were 3,000 uniformed police in London
Later there was more a of a developed sense of professionalism that went along with being a police officer
Schutzmannschaft-The German police force came about after the 1848 revolutions. Were modeled after the London police force – carried weapons such as brass knuckles and night sticks to reinforce their authority.
There came a sense at this time that crimes were created to an increase in economical inequality.
Poor Laws were passed that reinforced the notion of paupers finding work on their own, because the mentality that the poor were lazy was also circulating
Evangelists set up schools in order to improve the moral of society
Protestants in Germany set up nurseries for orphans, the sick and poor
Catholic Church tried to cut down on the number of drunks and prostitutes
Prison Reform
In the 1830’s Britain started to send their convicts to Australia
There came about a questioning of the prison systems and their effectiveness
Britain and France start to look at the US as a model for change
Auburn Prison in NY is a model where prisoners were separated at night
Walnut Street Prison in Philadelphia was a model where prisoners were put in individual cells
Petite Roquette- was established in France
British established the Pentonville prison
France reverted back to sending their prisoners to French Guiana
The ruling elites started to reinforce prison reform
Culture in an age of Reaction and Revolution: The mood of Romanticism
Romanticism- places an emphasis on emotion, feelings, individualism. This time period is more apt to see individual traits of beauty in each person.
Examples:
John Wolfgang Von Gothe- German writer wrote on heroism and gothic literature
Poets
Percy Bysshe Shelly 1792-1822 wrote Prometheus Unbound 1820
Lord Byron 1788-1824 wrote Childe harold’s Pilgrimage
William Wordsworth 1770-1850
Edgar Allen Poe 1809-1849 wrote Fall of the House of Usher
Children writers
Grim brothers
Hans Christian Anderson
Mary Shelly – wrote Frankenstein
Art and Music
Caspar David Fredrich 1774-1840 works: Man and woman Gazing at Moon
JMW Turner
Joseph Malfor Willam Turner
Euguen Delacroix 1798-1863 (French) painted the Death of Sardonapalus
Musicians
Beethoven 1770-1827
His major composing time was 1792-1800 wrote the 3rd symphony
Influenced Hyden and Mozart
Hector Berloiz 2803-1869 works include Symphony Fantastique
In 1815 start to see a revival of Christianity