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By 1792, European Monarchs
were eyeing France with suspicion. They had seen the overthrow
of Louis XVI, by the French people, and worried that revolutionary
fervor would spread to their countries. However, the monarchs
were too suspecting of each other to unite against France. While elsewhere in Europe
caution was being displayed, in France the public opinion was
for war. Reactionaries and the monarchy wanted war because they
thought that the new government would be easily defeated by foreign
powers. This would pave the way for a return to the old regime,
with Louis at the head of government. Revolutionaries wanted
war because they thought war would unify the country, and had
a genuine desire to spread the ideas of the Revolution to all
of Europe. On April 20, 1792, the Legislative Assembly (France's governing body, formed in 1791) declared war on Austria. Although the French fared poorly at first, the armies became more successful as the war progressed. This painting commemorates The Battle of Valmy, which was a turning point for French forces. It took place in September of 1792, and was one of the Republic's first victories (Schwartz).
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