Railways and Migration in England and Wales, 1845-1914

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This graph provides a good idea both of the general trend of outmigration and of the varying degress of mobility among different sex and age groups from the middle of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth.

  • In general, the extent of outmigration declined slightly during the 1860s and 1870s before a dramatic increase in the 1890s, after which it declined steadily into the first decade of the twentieth century.
  • To judge from the average percent change of the population in census registration districts from one census to the next, outmigration was considerably more pronounced among males 5 to 24, males 5 to 14, females 5 to 14, and females 15 to 24, in that order.
  • This was not a new phenomena but the persistence of a well-established pattern: as before, so in the industrializing era, the search for work meant that boys and girls, young men and young women were the most mobile segments of the population.
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