UNITED STATES OCCUPATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
The United States colonization of the Philippines began with the Treaty of Paris on December 10th,1898, when Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States for $20 million after the Spanish American War. Just after this the United States established military rule. Aguinaldo and associates refused to acknowledge the United States domination. In Malalos, a provisional United States government was established in Luzon on January 23rd, 1899. On February 4th, hostilities in Manila occurred when the Filipino patrol provided fire of the United States sentry. The insurgents were driven back by the United States troops. Guerilla warfare was started in November of 1899. Aguinaldo was captured on March 23rd, 1901 and he was forced to swear allegiance, by the United States government, to the United States in April. In 1902, the United States civil government replaced military authority. On July 4th, 1902, Taft became the first civil governor. The Philippine Bill of 1902 established a bicameral legislature of the Philippines. Wilson, United States president in 1912, created a new policy towards the Philippines. The Jones Act of 1916 promised eventual independence to the Philippines. However Harding, the United States president in 1920, changed Wilson’s policies towards the Philippines. Franklin Roosevelt, President in 1932, changed the policies towards the Philippines even more, and on January 13th, 1933, the Howes-Cutting Bill granted Philippine independence after twelve years, yet reserved military and naval bases for the United States. The bill also allowed the United States to impose high tariffs and quotas on Filipino exports, which the Filipino people resented. A new bill, in response to the United States Howes-Cutting Bill, was created by the Philippine Senate, called the Tydings-McDuffie Bill. This Bill, created in 1934, provided for absolute independence by 1946 and an interim commonwealth supervised by the United States. The Bill demanded that the president of the Philippines be elected by national vote, and created a provision of a constitution. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was established in November 15th, 1935, and Quezon became the first president.
History of Occupation of Philippines
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