Theoretically,
the characters of both Matewan, and Norma Rae take part in a capitalistic
society. In both situations the people are partaking in a type of
labor market, where they are selling their time and energy. However,
the town of Matewan, governed by the Stone Mountain Coal Companies’ monopoly
on the land and businesses, and isolated by distance and limited technology,
as fallen into a feudalistic condition. Despite the fact that Norma
Rae’s small hometown of Alabama bears a great resemblance to the town of
Matewan, their economic situation remains to be a form of capitalism.
Though Henely Mill is a dominating force in the small town, with a strong
financial hold over the citizens, it is not as dictatorial of the society
as the Stone Mountain Coal Company.
In signing the Stone Mountain
Coal Company’s contract the coal miners did not simply agree to sell the
company their time and labor; they signed away their lives. In a
capitalistic society one goes to work in an industry of their choosing,
is compensated with a fair wage. In such a society the business one
works for has no authority over where their workers eat, sleep, or spend
their leisure hours. However, the town of Matewan is trapped under
the hegemonic power of the coal company. The coal company has a monopoly
over the predominant natural resources in the area. Their ownership
is not only limited to the coalmines, but to the general store, and the
much of the town’s housing. Within the bonding contract of the mine
workers are forbidden to buy their supplies from anywhere other than the
general store, and are forced to reside in the coal company’s housing.
The coal company enforces this by paying their workers in company script,
which can only be redeemed at the company owned businesses. The coal
company therefore has ultimate control over the inflation of the market;
they are able to play both sides of the board by escalating the prices
of goods and housing, while lowering the labor income, ultimately reaping
a higher profit at the drastic expense of the workers.
When new miners arrive in the town of Matewan, they are automatically
in debt to the company store for the equipment need to begin working.
Throughout the life of the coal miners they are at the mercy of the company’s
scams and whims. Coal mining is a dangerous operation; not only by
chance of mishap, but the coal miners are in great risk of ill health due
to the inhalation of coal dust, and the physical strain of working such
a laborious trade. The coal company is insensible to the health concerns
of the miners; individuals are irrelevant to the industrial company, and
they are secure on the knowledge that a fresh supply of young, healthy,
able-bodied workers will fall into their grasp.
The Stone Mountain Coal
Company’s monopoly over the resources of Matewan is compounded by the town’s
isolation. Matewan, nestled west of the Shenandoah Valley
in West Virginia, is not readily accessible to the outside world; nor is
the rest of the world accessible to the citizens of Matewan. The
town is separated not only by physical distance, but also by a lack of
technology. In 1920 travel was still time-consuming, and the people
of Matewan are unable to easily communicate with the rest of the world.
The inability to commute, and socialize with neighboring towns promotes
ignorance, which aids in locking the town in a feudal society.
The Alabama town of Norma
Rae shares many of Matewan’s feudalistic characteristics, yet remains a
capitalistic society. The Henely Mill is the predominant employment
option for the mass of people with little or no skills. Many people
of Norma Rae’s town are trapped by ignorance, and lack of ambition.
However, the majority of the Henely Mill’s procedures fall under the category
of capitalism. The Mill’s influence is limited to a strong financial
hold over the small town; other employment opportunities exist outside
of the Mill. In contrast to the town of Matewan, the workers partake
in a type of free labor market where they are paid for the hours of work
they put forth. Where the coal miners were paid with company script,
the mill workers are paid in U.S. funds. One of the fundamental differences
between the two situations is the degree of control held over the workers
during the time they are not carrying out their work duties.
Multiple family generations are caught in their clutches, and slave
away in the appalling conditions of the Henely Mill. Mothers and
daughters work side by side, with little prospect of building a better
life for their children.
(to be continued)