Verification in the Cold War
Take a trip down memory lane!
Stop and
see the sights!
1946- The Baruch Plan for
international
control of atomic energy fails because the
Soviet Union did not want stringent veri-
fication methods, while the US did.
1963- The Limited Test Ban Treaty
calling
for no nuclear explosions in
the
atmosphere, oceans, and space,
is
agreed to by both sides because
they
could verify it through NTMs.
However,
NTMs were not explicitly
mentioned
in the treaty.
1972- SALT I is the first treaty where
NTMs are stated in the treaty. However,
neither side wanted to reveal how it
discovered the activities of others.
1979-
SALT II is the first treaty
with
active cooperation. Both
sides
agree to exchange information
and
"functionally related observable
differences"
(FRODS) about cer-
tain
weapons.
1988- INF is the first treaty to include
on-site inspections. It also increased data
exchanges between both sides, making
transparency possible.
1990-
In CFE Treaty the states
of
the Western (NATO) and
Eastern (Warsaw Pact) blocs
could
inspect each others'
military
transportation vehi-
cles
to verify that a count is true.
1991- START Treaty had "12 types of
on-site inspections and exhibitions as
well as detailed provisions for data ex-
changes, notifications, telemetry monitor-
ing, and other cooperative measures." It
set important precedents in monitoring.
Krass, Allan S. "Arms
Control Treaty Verification."
Encyclopedia of Arms Control and
Disarmament. Richard Dean Burns, Ed. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
1993.