1937: General
Franco occupies Basque country. Franco limited the Basques, outlawing the
use of their language and placing their region
under complete control of the Spanish government.
1959: ETA
is founded with the aim of creating an independent homeland in Spain's
Basque region. The full name of the organization -
Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna - means Basque fatherland and freedom.
1961: ETA's violent campaign begins with an attempt to derail a train transporting politicians.
1968: ETA kills its first victim, Meliton Manzanas, a secret police chief in San Sebastian.
1978: ETA's political wing Herri Batasuna is founded.
1980: 118 people are killed in ETA's bloodiest year so far.
1995: Attempt to assassinate the leader of the opposition Popular Party (now Prime Minister), Jose Maria Aznar, with a car bomb
1996: March: Right-wing
Popular Party wins general election. There was speculation that the change
of government would lead to a
crackdown against ETA, which later proved wrong. But ETA apparently views
the Popular Party as heir to General Franco's
dictatorship.
1997: Marked the beginning of ETA's compaign against the local politicians of the Popular Party.
July: ETA kidnaps and kills 29 year old Basque councilor Miguel Angel Blanco
for demands the government would not meet. ETA
demanded the release of some 460 prisoners in jails throughout Spain. Miguel's
death brought an estimated 6 million Spaniards to
the streets in protest.
December : 23 leaders of Herri Batasuna jailed for 7 years for collaborating
with ETA. The case centered on an video featuring armed
and masked ETA guerrillas, which the party tried to show during general
election campaign. This was the first time any members of
the party have been jailed for co-operating with ETA.
1998: February: Herri Batasuna elects new provisional leadership.
March : Spain's main political parties engage in talks to end violence in the Basque region. The government is not involved.
April: Northern Ireland peace agreement signed. ETA is understood to have
been heavily influenced by the Northern Ireland peace
process. ETA has traditionally had relations with the Irish republicans
and the political wing Herri Batasuna has been schooled by Sinn
Fein on strategy for negotiation.
June: The latest ETA death takes place, as car bomb kills Popular Party councilor Manuel Zamarreno.
September 15th: ETA announces its first indefinite cease-fire since its
30-year campaign of violence began, effective from 18
September.
1999: June: Government
says it held first direct talks with ETA since 1989.
August: ETA says talks with government suspended.
November 28: ETA announces ceasefire to end on December 3.
December: ETA's 14 month cease-fire ended.
2000: Jan 21: Army officer killed in Madrid car bombing.
Feb. 22: Car bomb explodes in Basque capital Vitoria, killing a Socialist Party politician and his bodyguard.
May 7: Newspaper columnist Jose Luis de la Calle shot dead outside his home in the Basque region.
June 4: Local politician Jesus Maria Pedrosa of Popular Party shot dead in Basque city Durango.
July 12: Car bomb rocks central Madrid before dawn, injuring nine people.
July 15: Malaga city councilor Jose Maria Martin Carpena, member of the Popular Party, shot dead in southern Spain.
July 29: Basque Socialist politician Juan Maria Jauregui shot, dies at local hospital.
August 7&8: Three explosions in two days involving ETA. A car bomb
that kills four ETA member, sparking a car bomb in Zumaya
which killed a businessman, and second car bomb in Madrid that injured
nine people.
2001: May:
Senior Spanish newspaper executive, Santiago Oleaga, shot dead in San Sebastian.
He was the chief financial advisor to the
Basque newspaper El Diario Vasco.
July: Mikel Uribe, a Basque policeman, shot ten times in the northern town
of Leaburu. Councilor Jose Javier Mugica killed in Navarra
with a car bomb. Car bomb is diffused in Malaga Airport on the Costa del
Sol. ETA man exploded in bombing at a resort in Torrevieja.
Aug.: 13 people injured by a car bomb in the Mediterranean resort on Salou. Bomb at the Madrid Airport, no injuries.
These dates are only a scattering of the attacks that have occurred in 2001 and even throughout the years.
The Spanish police have arrested more than 7 members of ETA this year in
a definite movement to control the group.
The locations of ETA
bombings over the years. Courtesy of CNN.com.
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