Iraq (73 events found)

Date:

16 Feb. 2001

Keywords:

Iraq/USA; UK

Event:

The US and British air forces attack Iraqi military command, control and communication sites outside Baghdad to destroy Iraqi air defence infrastructure. They carry out several attacks on Iraqi defence sites during 2001.

Date:

28 Apr. 2001

Keywords:

Shanghai Forum; Iraq; Sanctions

Event:

At a Shanghai Forum meeting in Moscow, the foreign ministers of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan call on the world community to lift sanctions against Iraq as soon as possible in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions.

Date:

21 Nov. 2001

Keywords:

USA/Iraq

Event:

US President Bush calls for Iraq to let UN weapon inspectors return to the country. Iraq rejects the call on 27 Nov.

Date:

17 Dec. 1999

Keywords:

UN; Iraq

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts, by a vote of 11 to 0 (China, France, Malaysia and Russia abstain), Resolution 1284, establishing the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC). The new commission will take over the responsibilities of the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM), established in 1991 by UN Security Council Resolution 687, to monitor and verify the elimination of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons and all ballistic missiles with a range of over 150 km.

Date:

11 Jan. 1998

Keywords:

Iraq, UN

Event:

Iraq refuses to cooperate with the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) in allowing UNSCOM inspectors entry into some Iraqi sites, claiming that the team is dominated by US nationals.

Date:

23 Jan. 1998

Keywords:

UN, Iraq

Event:

The UN Security Council rejects as unacceptable Iraq's refusal to allow UNSCOM inspections.

Date:

23 Feb. 1998

Keywords:

UN, Iraq

Event:

UN Secretary-General Annan and Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz sign, in Baghdad, a Memorandum of Understand-ing in which Iraq reaffirms its acceptance of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions and reiterates its undertaking to cooperate fully with UNSCOM and the IAEA and to allow their inspectors immediate, uncondi-tional and unrestricted access to all sites. The UN reiterates the commitment of all member states to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq. The MOU is endorsed on 2 Mar. by the UN Security Council in Resolution 1154, which is adopted unanimously.

Date:

20 Feb. 1998

Keywords:

UN, Iraq

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1153, expanding the 'oil-for-food' programme for Iraq.

Date:

5 Aug. 1998

Keywords:

Iraq, UN

Event:

The Iraqi National Assembly votes for an immediate sus-pension of UNSCOM activities. On 9 Aug. UNSCOM suspends its inspections of new sites.

Date:

31 Oct. 1998

Keywords:

Iraq, UN

Event:

Iraqi President Hussein announces that Iraq has decided to end all forms of cooperation with UNSCOM until: the UN Security Council has lifted the UN sanctions; the chairman of UNSCOM, Butler, is dismissed; and UNSCOM is restructured in 'a manner that makes it a neutral and professional institution'.

Date:

17-20 Dec. 1998

Keywords:

USA, UK, Iraq, UN

Event:

The USA and the UK conduct a series of air-strikes (code-named Desert Fox) to degrade Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's military capabilities. At a UN Security Council emergency meeting to consider the military strikes several members (among them China and Russia) condemn the action.

Date:

23 Dec. 1998

Keywords:

Russia, START II

Event:

To protest against US-British air-strikes in Iraq, the Russian Duma Council postpones hearings on START II ratification.

Date:

15 Dec. 1998

Keywords:

UNSCOM, Iraq

Event:

In a report to the UN Security Council, the chairman of UNSCOM, Butler, accuses Iraqi authorities of having repeatedly obstructed the work of UNSCOM inspection teams.

Date:

9 Sep. 1998

Keywords:

UN, Iraq

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1194, deciding not to conduct any further reviews of Iraqi sanctions until Iraq rescinds its decision to suspend UNSCOM activities (see 5 Aug.).

Date:

29 Oct. 1997

Keywords:

Iraq, UNSCOM, UN

Event:

In a letter to the UN Security Council, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Aziz informs the Security Council that Iraq will only cooperate with the UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) 'provided that no individuals of American nationality shall participate in any activity of the Special Commission inside Iraq'. In responding to the letter (on 30 Oct.) the Council demands that Iraq cooperate fully with UNSCOM in accordance with the relevant resolutions and without restrictions.

Date:

10 Nov. 1997

Keywords:

Iraq, UN

Event:

Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Aziz, addressing the UN Security Council, demands that a timetable be established for ending the sanctions on his country.

Date:

12 Nov. 1997

Keywords:

UN, Iraq

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 1137, demanding that Iraq rescind immediately its decision expressed in its letter of 29 Oct. and that it cooperate fully and without conditions or restrictions with UNSCOM. The full inspection team returns to Iraq on 21 Nov.

Date:

21-23 June 1996

Keywords:

Middle East

Event:

A summit meeting of the Arab states (Iraq is not invited) is held in Cairo. The leaders state that for the peace process to continue Israel must withdraw from all occupied Pales-tinian territories, including Arab Jerusalem, the Syrian Golan heights, and southern Lebanon and its Western Bekaa to enable the Palestinian people to establish an independent state with Arab Jerusalem as its capital.

Date:

17 Aug. 1995

Keywords:

Iraq; UNSCOM; BW

Event:

At an UNSCOM meeting in Baghdad, Iraq discloses for the first time that it has a full-scale programme for the development of biological weapons (after two of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's sons-in-law had defected to Jordan, on 8 Aug.).

Date:

12 Feb. 1994

Keywords:

Iraq; Fissile material; UN

Event:

The final consignment of highly enriched uranium (HEU) is removed from Iraq, thus completing the removal of declared stocks of nuclear weapon-grade material from Iraq, according to UN Security Council Resolution 687 of 3 Apr. 1991.

Date:

9 June 1994

Keywords:

NATO; Nuclear weapons; CBW; NACC; PFP; Peacekeeping

Event:

The North Atlantic Council, meeting in Istanbul, issues a document on the 'Alliance Policy Framework on Prolifer-a-tion of Weapons of Mass Destruction', which states that in the light of recent events in Iraq and North Korea NATO will seek, if necessary, to improve its defence capabilities to protect NATO territory, populations and forces against the use of weapons of mass destruction. The Political-Military Steering Committee of the PFP and the Ad Hoc Group on Co-operation in Peacekeeping should closely coordinate their work, and later in the year these bodies should merge to serve as the main NACC-PFP forum for consultations on political and conceptual issues related to peacekeeping.

Date:

14 June 1994

Keywords:

UN; CW; Iraq

Event:

The UNSCOM Chemical Destruction Group concludes its activities after having fulfilled the Commission's mandate to eliminate Iraq's declared chemical weapons stockpile.

Date:

13 Nov. 1994

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq transmits a letter to the UN Security Council enclosing a Revolution Command Council Decision of 10 Nov., signed by President Saddam Hussein, and a Declaration of the Iraqi National Assembly (also of 10 Nov.), confirming Iraq's recognition of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Kuwait, and of the international boundary between Iraq and Kuwait as demarcated by the UN Iraq-Kuwait Bound-ary Demarcation Commission, and also confirming Iraq's respect for the inviolability of that boundary, in accor-dance with UN Security Council Resolution 833 (1993). (On 14 Nov. the UN Security Council decides to continue the sanctions against Iraq.)

Date:

25 Mar. 1992

Keywords:

Iraq; Nuclear weapons

Event:

The IAEA announces its decision to destroy Iraqi facilities and equipment designed for producing nuclear devices. (The demolition takes place on 13 Apr.)

Date:

12 Jan. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; USA

Event:

The US Congress authorizes the Administration to use force against Iraq.

Date:

17 Jan. (GMT) 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN; USA

Event:

US-led multinational Coalition forces begin an air offen-sive against Iraq. Iraqi tar-gets in Kuwait and Iraq are attacked.

Date:

17 Jan. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; Israel

Event:

The first Iraqi Scud missiles hit Israel.

Date:

15 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

Iraq offers to withdraw from Kuwait, provided that Israel withdraws from Palestine and Arab territories, the multi-national Coalition forces withdraw from the Gulf region within one month after a cease-fire is declared, all UN Security Council resolutions on the conflict are annulled and eco-nomic sanctions lifted, Iraq is paid for repara-tion of the damage caused by the Coalition forces, and all Iraqi debts are cancelled. The offer is immediately dis-missed by the Coalition.

Date:

21 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; USSR

Event:

A Soviet plan for peace in the Gulf area is accepted by Iraq. It includes a full and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait beginning on the second day after the cessation of hostilities. UN sanctions would cease to apply when two-thirds of Iraqi forces are withdrawn, and the withdrawal is to be completed within 21 days.

Date:

22 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; USA

Event:

The USA gives an ultimatum that, unless Iraq starts to withdraw from Kuwait on 23 Feb. and complete the with-drawal within seven days, the Coalition will start a ground offensive.

Date:

24 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

As Iraq does not observe the ultimatum of 22 Feb., the Coalition forces begin a ground offensive against Iraq.

Date:

25 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

Iraqi President Saddam Hussein orders Iraqi armed forces to with-draw from Kuwait.

Date:

26 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

Iraqi forces begin to withdraw from Kuwait.

Date:

27 Feb. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The Iraqi Government informs the UN that it uncondition-al-ly accepts all 12 UN Security Council resolutions on Kuwait.

Date:

28 Feb. (GMT) 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN; USA

Event:

President Bush announces that Kuwait is liberated and allied military action suspended.

Date:

2 Mar. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 686, calling on Iraq to take the necessary measures which would per-mit a definitive end to the hostilities in the Gulf region. (Cuba votes against; China, India and Yemen abstain.)

Date:

3 Apr. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; NBC; UN; IAEA

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 687 declaring that a cease-fire would be effective between Iraq and Kuwait and the states co-operating with Kuwait in accor-dance with UN Security Resolution 678 of 29 Nov. 1990. The UN Secretary-General is requested to submit a plan for the immediate deployment of UN observers to monitor a demilitarized zone on both sides of the Kuwait-Iraq border. Iraq should unconditionally accept the destruction, removal or rendering harmless of all its CBW and its bal-listic missiles with a range of over 150 km and should submit within 15 days a declaration of all such weapons possessed by Iraq as well as Iraqi nuclear-weapons usable material and related facilities. A UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) should be established to carry out on-site inspections of the above items. The IAEA is requested to carry out, in co-operation with UNSCOM, immediate on-site inspection of Iraqi nuclear capabilities. (Cuba votes against; Yemen and Ecuador abstain from voting.)

Date:

6 Apr. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

Iraq notifies the UN Secretary-General and the Security Council of its official acceptance of the provi-sions of Reso-lu-tion 687, and a formal cease-fire thereby takes effect between Iraq and Kuwait and the UN member states co-operating with Kuwait in the Coali-tion force.

Date:

9 Apr. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolu-tion 689 providing for the establishment of a UN Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM). (See 3 Apr.)

Date:

18 Apr. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; UN; CBW; IAEA

Event:

In accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 687, Iraq reports that all its nuclear material remains under IAEA control. It submits reports listing its stock of ballis-tic missiles and CW and states that it does not possess binary CW nor BW. It informs that it has now rat-ified the BW Convention. (UNSCOM decides that the list is not complete. A declaration, admitting the possession of some nuclear material and facilities in addition to those known to the IAEA, is submitted on 27 Apr. On 16 May Iraq sub-mits an expanded list of items listed in Resolution 687.)

Date:

20 May 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 692 approv-ing the establishment of a compensation fund to be financed by Iraq's oil exports to pay damages incurred by foreign governments, nationals and corporations during the Gulf War. (Cuba abstains from voting.)

Date:

17 June 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; IAEA; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 699, approv-ing the IAEA plan for the destruction, removal or render-ing harmless of Iraq's nuclear-weapon usable material and related facilities. (See 3 Apr.)

Date:

30 June-3 July 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; UN; IAEA

Event:

The UN Security Council dispatches a high-level mission, including the Chairman of the Special Commission (UNSCOM), the Director-General of the IAEA and the UN Under Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs, to Baghdad to discuss Iraq's non-compliance with Resolu-tion 687 and refusal of access during inspections.

Date:

7 July 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; NPT; IAEA

Event:

Iraq submits information to the IAEA indicating that it has violated the Non-Proliferation Treaty by engaging in unsafeguarded nuclear activities, specifically uranium enrichment with calutrons.

Date:

18 July 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; IAEA; NPT

Event:

The IAEA declares that Iraq has violated its safeguards agreements with the Agency under the Non-Proliferation Treaty by not sub-mitting nuclear material and relevant facilities in its ura-nium enrichment programme to IAEA inspection.

Date:

15 Aug. 1991

Keywords:

UN; Iraq; IAEA; NBC

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolu-tion 707, demand-ing that Iraq provide full disclosure of its pro-grammes to develop weapons of mass destruction and their missiles and to halt all nuclear activities except those for isotopes for medical and agricultural purposes, until it has com-plied with UN Security Council Resolution 687 and its IAEA safeguards agreement.

Date:

8 Oct. 1991

Keywords:

Iraq; IAEA; UN

Event:

The IAEA director informs the UN Security Council that the sixth UN inspection team to Iraq has found documents showing that a programme to produce lithium 6 has been conducted by Iraq. A small quantity of lithium has already been produced, and large-scale production was planned.

Date:

11 Oct. 1991

Keywords:

UN; Iraq; NBC

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolu-tion 715, approving plans aimed at eliminating Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and monitoring Iraq's compliance with Resolutions 687 and 707. (See 3 Apr. and 15 Aug.)

Date:

23 Oct. 1991

Keywords:

UN; Iraq

Event:

The UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) presents its report to the UN Security Council. The inspections carried out in Iraq have uncovered a vast amount of data and material indicating one of the largest military production pro-grammes in the developing world.

Date:

1 Apr. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq; Nuclear weapons; CW

Event:

In a speech Iraqi President Saddam Hussein states that Iraq does not need an atomic bomb since it possesses binary chemical weapons.

Date:

15 July 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

In a memorandum to the Arab League Secretary the Iraqi Foreign Minister states that since the outbreak of the Iraq-Iran War in 1980 Kuwait has stolen vast amounts of oil from Iraq and that Iraq has the right to retrieve these funds. He also accuses Kuwait of having encroached upon Iraqi territory.

Date:

18 July 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

In a reaction to the Iraqi memorandum of 15 July the Kuwaiti Foreign Minister states to the Arab League that the Iraqi charges have no factual basis. The Kuwaiti Army is placed on a state of alert.

Date:

2 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

Iraqi troops cross the border of Kuwait and occupy the country. Kuwait's emir flees to Saudi Arabia. The Iraqi President accuses Kuwait of stealing oil from Iraq and forcing down oil prices through overproduction.

Date:

2 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution No. 660 condemning Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. It demands Iraq to withdraw immediately and uncondition-ally. (Yemen does not participate in the vote.)

Date:

5 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

ICO; Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

The Islamic Conference Organization (ICO), meeting in Cairo, issues a communique condemning Iraqi aggression against Kuwait. It demands the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwaiti territory.

Date:

6 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 661 calling upon all states to take appropriate measures to pro-tect the legitimate Government of Kuwait. (Cuba and Yemen abstain from voting.)

Date:

8 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait

Event:

Iraq declares that Kuwait is part of Iraq and declares full unity between the two countries.

Date:

8 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait: USA; UK

Event:

The US President announces that he has ordered US military units to take up defensive positions in Saudi Arabia to assist the Saudi Government in the wake of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The UK sends additional air and naval units to Saudi Arabia.

Date:

9 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution No. 662 declaring Iraq's annexation of Kuwait null and void.

Date:

10 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; Arab League

Event:

An emergency summit meeting of the Arab League is held in Cairo. A decision is taken to send an Arab expedi-tionary force to Saudi Arabia (21 members vote in favour, 3 vote against, 3 have reservations, 2 abstain and 1 is absent).

Date:

14 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iran/Iraq War

Event:

In a letter to the President of Iran, Iraq accepts the terms for a comprehensive peace plan based on the implementa-tion of UN Security Council Resolution No. 598 of 1987.

Date:

18 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution No. 664 demanding that Iraq permit and facilitate the immediate departure from Iraq and Kuwait of nationals of third countries and that Iraq rescind its order for the clos-ing of diplomatic and consular missions in Kuwait.

Date:

25 Aug. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 665 giving states the right to enforce the economic embargo against Iraq by allowing them to halt shipping to and from Iraq. (Cuba and Yemen abstain from voting.)

Date:

9 Sep. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; USA; USSR; UN

Event:

President Bush and President Gorbachev, meeting in Helsinki, declare that nothing short of the complete implementation of the UN Security Council's resolutions on Iraq is acceptable to them or to the world community.

Date:

13 Sep. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 666 reaffirming that Iraq remains fully responsible for the safety and well-being of third-state nationals in accordance with international humanitarian law. (Cuba and Yemen vote against.)

Date:

16 Sep. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution No. 667 condemning Iraq's aggressive acts against diplomatic premises and personnel in Kuwait.

Date:

24 Sep. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution No. 669 on the task of examining requests for assistance under Article 50 of the UN Charter to states involved in implementing the sanctions which are suffering from their application.

Date:

25 Sep. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 670 spelling out the obligation to apply sanctions on all means of transport into Iraq, including aircraft. (Cuba votes against.)

Date:

29 Oct. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 674 demanding that the Iraqi authorities and occupying forces immediately cease and desist from the taking of third-state national hostages and ensure the immediate access to food, water and basic services necessary to the protection and well-being of Kuwaiti nationals and of nationals of third states in Kuwait and Iraq, including the personnel of diplomatic and consular missions in Kuwait. (Cuba and Yemen abstain.)

Date:

8 Nov. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; USA

Event:

President Bush orders a doubling of the US troops deployed in the Persian Gulf area.

Date:

28 Nov. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 677 condemning Iraq's attempt to alter the demographic com-position of the Kuwaiti population and to destroy civil records. (Cuba and Yemen vote against; China abstains from voting.)

Date:

29 Nov. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN Security Council adopts Resolution No. 678, allowing Iraq a final opportunity to withdraw from Kuwait and restore Kuwait's legitimate government by 15 Jan. 1991, after which 'all necessary means' may be used to force Iraqi compliance with UN resolutions. (Cuba and Yemen vote against; China abstains.)

Date:

18 Dec. 1990

Keywords:

Iraq/Kuwait; UN

Event:

The UN General Assembly adopts a resolution condemn-ing Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and its serious violation of human rights against the Kuwaiti people and third-state nationals, in violation of the UN Charter and the interna-tional Covenants on Human Rights.

Data from a SIPRI database

 

Source: SIPRI Yearbooks 1990-2002. Annexe B

 

Data updated: Annually     Last update: July 2002

 

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