Logrolling is the act of
legislatures voting on bills or trading their votes on bills for
legislator's votes on other bills. Logrolling allows legislators
to bargain, and it enables them to more effectively represent
their constituents' preferences. But unfortunately it can also
lead to inefficiencies-due to the transaction costs required to
trade votes. Plus, their goal isn't always to reach efficient
levels of things. They may just be swayed by campaign contributions,
bribes, etc… A lot of the money that is given by the central
government to local governments today is the result of legislative
logrolling. It often is used to supply local public goods. This
method of supplying local public goods not only promotes patronage,
but it also promotes inefficiency in the supply of local public
goods.
Patronage: If the person
of power provides services to those who support him. And they
support him out of a feeling of obligation to repay the services;
not because they necessarily feel that they will receive any benefits
from the services. In this case loyalty ranks higher than the
idea of inefficiency and the patron can remain in office for a
long time. (This is bringing the idea of sociological factors
back into the picture).