Ireland Today

 

Following the 1916 Easter Rising, the political party Sinn Fein became the most influential political party in Ireland. The party campaigned in the parliamentary election of 1918, calling for the severance of all ties with Great Britain, an end of the separatist movement in Northern Ireland and the establishment of an Irish Republic. Members of Sinn Fein won 73 of the 106 seats given to Ireland in the British Parliament, these members called themselves Dáil Éireann, or national assembly. Dáil Éireann assembled in Dublin in 1919, immediately forming a government which proclaimed independence for Ireland. The years which followed included attacks by Irish insurgence called the Irish Republican Army, on British forces. In 1920 the British Parliament enacted a Home Rule Bill establishing separate parliaments for six counties of Ulster Province (north). Members of Sinn Fein, constituting the majority of seats outside of Ulster, refused to acknowledge the Bill. This only provoked the insurgency against British forces, until July 10, 1921 when a truce was arranged. A treaty was arranged, and on December of 1921 it was signed by members of Dáil Éireann and the British government. The treaty stated that all of Ireland except the six counties in Northern Ireland were to receive dominion status. After debate between Irish Republic leaders due to an article of the treaty requiring members of the Dail to swear allegiance to the British sovereign, the treaty was ratified on January 15, 1922. This acknowledged the Irish Free State, with Arthur Griffith as president and Michael Collins as chairman of the provisional government. The years to follow included discontent not between Ireland and Britain, but between the Irishmen who supported the treaty and those who did not. The opposition, the Republicans, refused to recognize the authority of the new government, proclaiming a rival government and intensifying their attacks. It was not until legislation was adopted that recognized both parties in October 1922 that a truce was reached. In December of 1925 the boundary between the Free State and Northern Ireland was established. Throughout the next decade The Irish Republic slowly distanced themselves further from Great Britain. In 1936 a bill was enacted which deleted all references to the king from the constitution of the Free State. A new constitution was made in 1937, abolishing the Irish Free State and establishing “Éire” as a “Sovereign independent democratic state.”
HOME
BRIEF HISTORY
IMPORTANT PLAYERS
VOICES OF THE TIME
THE REVOLT
SOURCES