Ireland Today |
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Following the 1916 Easter Rising, the political party
Sinn Fein became the most influential political party in Ireland. The
party campaigned in
the parliamentary election of 1918, calling for the severance of all
ties with Great Britain, an end of the separatist movement in Northern
Ireland
and the establishment of an Irish Republic. Members of Sinn Fein won
73 of the 106 seats given to Ireland in the British Parliament, these
members
called themselves Dáil Éireann, or national assembly. Dáil Éireann
assembled in Dublin in 1919, immediately forming a government which proclaimed
independence for Ireland. The years which followed included attacks by
Irish insurgence called the Irish Republican Army, on British forces. In
1920 the British Parliament enacted a Home Rule Bill establishing separate
parliaments for six counties of Ulster Province (north). Members of Sinn
Fein, constituting the majority of seats outside of Ulster, refused to
acknowledge the Bill. This only provoked the insurgency against British
forces, until July 10, 1921 when a truce was arranged. A treaty was arranged,
and on December of 1921 it was signed by members of Dáil Éireann
and the British government. The treaty stated that all of Ireland except
the six counties in Northern Ireland were to receive dominion status. After
debate between Irish Republic leaders due to an article of the treaty requiring
members of the Dail to swear allegiance to the British sovereign, the treaty
was ratified on January 15, 1922. This acknowledged the Irish Free State,
with Arthur Griffith as president and Michael Collins as chairman of the
provisional government. The years to follow included discontent not between
Ireland and Britain, but between the Irishmen who supported the treaty
and those who did not. The opposition, the Republicans, refused to recognize
the authority of the new government, proclaiming a rival government and
intensifying their attacks. It was not until legislation was adopted that
recognized both parties in October 1922 that a truce was reached. In December
of 1925 the boundary between the Free State and Northern Ireland was established.
Throughout the next decade The Irish Republic slowly distanced themselves
further from Great Britain. In 1936 a bill was enacted which deleted all
references to the king from the constitution of the Free State. A new constitution
was made in 1937, abolishing the Irish Free State and establishing “Éire” as
a “Sovereign independent democratic state.” |
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