EARLY 19th-CENTURY MONROE DOCTRINE
"No colonization and No intervention”
US will not be considered an area for further colonization and intervention.
Read Monrow Doctrine
IMPERIALISM
A policy in which a stronger nation attempts to dominate a weaker nation politically, economically, militarily, etc
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ORIGINS OF IMPERIALISM
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- Closing of the frontier in 1890 ( westward Expansion ended)
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- International Peer Pressure
- European nations were involved in colonizing Africa and China.
- The United States must jump on the bandwagon or get left behind.
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- Josiah Strong and Manifest Destiny
- Josiah Strong had an idea dealing with Anglo-Saxon-Superiority
- Manifest destiny encouraged the US to expand to spread American culture, Christian religion, and democratic government
- Manifest Destiny states “it is the destiny of America to expand from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean".
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4. Alfred Thayer Mahan “ Influence of the Sea power Upon History”
- This novels stresses the need for a strong navy to protect overseas market.
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- Overproduction of goods
- The United States wanted new and overseas market to sell its goods.
- This overproduction of goods was a result of the first and second industrial revolutions.
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AREAS WHERE AMERICA PRACTICED ITS POLICY OF IMPERIALISM
Hawaii |
Justification:
- United States wanted Pearl Harbor.
Evidence of imperialism:
- Overthrow of monarchy in Hawaii in 1893.
- Protestant religion (US had New England missionaries visit Hawaii).
- McKinley wanted to annex Hawaii in 1898.
- After Spanish-American War, Hawaii became a territory in 1901 and applied for statehood in 1959.
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China
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Justification:
- US wanted access to millions of Chinese consumers.
- International peer pressure- lots of countries were carving out spheres of influence because China was weak from war with Japan.
Evidence of imperialism:
- Secretary of State John Hay's “Open Door Policy” in 1899
- Protected Chinese tradition and fair competition of trade.
- Boxer rebellion in 1900
- Crushed by a multinational force.
- US emerging out of isolationism.
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Spanish American War in 1898 |
Causes:
- Cuba wants their independence from Spain.
- United States wants to help Cuba.
- Explosion of the Maine.
- Dupuy De Lome insult on McKinley
- Teller Amendment
- United States will grant Cuba independence when Spain grants it.
- United States will intervene to prevent Spain from intervening.
Justifications:
- United States had investments of $60 million and $100 million in trade.
- This conflict threatened shipping routes to the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico.
Evidence of Imperialism:
- US issue Platt amendment in 1901
- “US will reserve the right to intervene in Cuba’s affair and build naval bases.”
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Read Dupuy De Lome Letter
Read Teller Amendment
Read Platt Amendment |
Philippines |
Justifications:
- United States wanted to spread Christianity and establish government.
- Profits - The Philippines represents a huge market of consumers.
- International peer pressure - Germany might try to seize the Philippines.
- US wanted to establish naval base in Philippines, such as Subec bay.
Evidence of Imperialism:
- US soldiers infiltrate a guerilla camp and captured Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of the Pilipino rebels.
- US tried to have political control over people with no desire to be controlled by the US.
- The Philippines was annexed in 1901.
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