Created by Hassan Ngeze, a former street
vendor, in 1990, Kangura specialized in personal attacks
and convincing the Hutu population that if they did not 'defend'
themselves, they would be the victims of an extermination themselves.
One of Kangura's most well know pieces, titled
"The
Hutu Ten Commandments", presents the rules by which a 'good'
Hutu would live:
The Hutu Ten Commandments
Every Muhutu should know
that a Mututsi woman, wherever she is, works for the interest
of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor
any Muhutu who:
Every
Muhutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and
conscientious in their role as woman, wife, and mother of the
family. Are they not more beautiful, good secretaries and more
honest?
Bahutu
women, be vigilant and try to bring your husbands, brothers and
sons back to reason.
Every
Muhutu should know that every Mututsi is dishonest in business.
His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result,
any Muhutu who does the following is a traitor:
All
strategic positions, political, administrative, economic, military
and security should be entrusted to Bahutu.
The
education sector (school pupils, students, teachers) must be majority
Hutu.
The
Rwandese Armed Forces should be exclusively Hutu. The experience
of the October [1990] war has taught us a lesson. No member of
the military shall marry a Tutsi.
The
Bahutu should stop having mercy on the Batutsi.
The
Bahutu, wherever they are, must have unity and solidarity, and
be concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers.
The
Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu
Ideology, must be taught to every level. Every Hutu must spread
this ideology widely. Any Muhutu who persecutes his brother Muhutu
for having read, spread and taught this ideology, is a traitor.
taken from: Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Destruction- African Rights
Kangura was heavily associated with the MRND government, although it was more closely connected with the Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), than with President Habyarimana himself. Becasue Kangura had so many powerful connections, the journal often made successful predictions, including the death of the President.
Becasue the extremists were not able to gain total control over Radio Rwanda, Rwanda's national radio station, due to the political opposition, the government spread their extremist views through the RTML, a private radio station run by Felicien Kabuga. The RTLM began operating in September of 1993. At that time, their programming was directed at threatening the Tutsi population and convincing the Hutu population that they were in grave danger. After the killing began on April 6, 1994, the RTLM played a direct role in the genocide. The station broadcast names of people who were marked for execution, suggested where Tutsis might be hiding, and encouraged participation in massacres. Many broadcasts suggested violence against the Tutsi in general:
"Fight the Inyenzi, pound them. Stand up. Keep away from lies and rumours. If they pound you with heavy artillery, bombs, go into bunkers. Then after that you take you spears, clubs, guns, swords, stones, everything, sharpen them, hack them, those enemies, those cockroaches, those enemies of democracy, show that you can defend yourselves- support your soldiers."
taken from: Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Destruction- African Rights
After April 6, 1994, the government gained control of Radio Rwanda and used it in the same way as they did the RTLM. Radio Rwanda was much more effective than the RTLM in that Radio Rwanda reached even the remotest areas in Rwanda while RTLM could only be picked up in greater Kigali.
A Broadcast from Radio Television
Libre des Mille Collines - April 3, 1994