Conclusion
Ignorance and indifference. These are the two words that best describes Japanese, particularly racial discrimination against the Ainu. It is ashamed to admit that even Japanese politicians are ignorant and indifferent as represented by the former Prime Minister who said "Are there still Ainu in Hokkaido?". I, myself, grew up in Japan and did not study about the Ainu extensively in 12 years of schools or did not question about development of Hokkaido. The development was actually colonizing the land of the Ainu. The history of Japanese internal colonization should be focused on early education, for example in elementary school or in junior high school, to enhance understanding of their culture and history. The understanding is the essential step to take for Japanese to coexist with the Ainu who has been trying to rediscover own identity after long painful history. Especially, the racial discrimination is deep rooted and the fight against it is never ending for the Ainu. Furthermore, the large number of the Ainu are still struggling with the economic and social inequality. We are the generation to change the ignorance and indifference of the Japanese society and to improve the current status of the Ainu. I hope this web page could be one little step for further understanding and awareness of the Ainu history.

Introduction
Origin
History
Tradition
Current situation
Bibliography